Here I gathered for you all 1011 links from the well-known Rhodium's chemistry archive in more compact and readable view.
Although this year it become already 20 years old and some of the links/methods are invalid/outdated, it still remains the source of usefull information in our field, especcially for beginners.
Enjoy!
Although this year it become already 20 years old and some of the links/methods are invalid/outdated, it still remains the source of usefull information in our field, especcially for beginners.
Enjoy!
MDMA / MDA
· Comprehensive Safrole FAQ
· Safrole from Plants
· Safrole - Synthesis & Reactions (Beilstein Crossfire search)
· Distillation of Safrole
· Determination of Essential Oil Safrole Content
· Safrole Isomerization (Review)
· Notes on the synthesis of Chloro/Bromo/Iodosafrole
· Phenyl-2-halopropanes (Beilstein Crossfire search)
· Alkyl halides to carbonyls using 2-Nitropropane (for example bromosafrole to MDP2P)
· Alkyl halides to carbonyls using NaIO4/DMF
· Notes on the Delepine reaction
· MDMA via direct aminomercuration of safrole
· Propenylbenzenes from propiophenones
· Aryl ketones (Propiophenones) to Aryl alkenes (Propenylbenzenes)
· The Complete Book Of Ecstacy
· Manufacture of MDA Analogs by Dal Cason (Really comprehensive)
· Safrole purification with Mercury(II)acetate
· MDA from MDP2Pol; the Mitsunobu reaction
· Purification of MDP2P with Sodium Bisulfite
· Purification of MDP2P via its NaI complex
· Complete MDMA Synthesis by Bright Star
· Complete MDMA Synthesis by Dr Drool
· MDA from Bromosafrole using PTC and an azide
· MDMA via Tosyl Chloride Intermediate?
· Photoamination - One step from isosafrole to MDMA
· Pseudonitrosite FAQ
· MDP2P by 2-Nitropropene Alkylation of 1,3-Benzodioxole
· Impurities in Commercially Available MDP2P
· A Study of the Precursors, Intermediates and Reaction Byproducts in the Synthesis of MDMA
· Safrole from Plants
· Safrole - Synthesis & Reactions (Beilstein Crossfire search)
· Distillation of Safrole
· Determination of Essential Oil Safrole Content
· Safrole Isomerization (Review)
· Notes on the synthesis of Chloro/Bromo/Iodosafrole
· Phenyl-2-halopropanes (Beilstein Crossfire search)
· Alkyl halides to carbonyls using 2-Nitropropane (for example bromosafrole to MDP2P)
· Alkyl halides to carbonyls using NaIO4/DMF
· Notes on the Delepine reaction
· MDMA via direct aminomercuration of safrole
· Propenylbenzenes from propiophenones
· Aryl ketones (Propiophenones) to Aryl alkenes (Propenylbenzenes)
· The Complete Book Of Ecstacy
· Manufacture of MDA Analogs by Dal Cason (Really comprehensive)
· Safrole purification with Mercury(II)acetate
· MDA from MDP2Pol; the Mitsunobu reaction
· Purification of MDP2P with Sodium Bisulfite
· Purification of MDP2P via its NaI complex
· Complete MDMA Synthesis by Bright Star
· Complete MDMA Synthesis by Dr Drool
· MDA from Bromosafrole using PTC and an azide
· MDMA via Tosyl Chloride Intermediate?
· Photoamination - One step from isosafrole to MDMA
· Pseudonitrosite FAQ
· MDP2P by 2-Nitropropene Alkylation of 1,3-Benzodioxole
· Impurities in Commercially Available MDP2P
· A Study of the Precursors, Intermediates and Reaction Byproducts in the Synthesis of MDMA
· Peracid (Performic/Peracetic) oxidation of isosafrole to MDP2P (Review)
· Oxidation of propenylbenzenes to P2P's using Peracetic Acid
· Meinwald Rearrangement of Propenylbenzene Epoxides to Phenyl-2-Propanones
· Electrolytic oxidation of safrole to MDP2P
· Procedure for the oxidation of isosafrole to MDP2P using Oxone
· Epoxidation of propenylbenzenes using dimethyldioxirane or oxone
· MDP2P from (iso)safrole via epoxide intermediate
· Epoxidation of Safrole, using H2O2 and a peroxotungstate catalyst
· Epoxidation using a Manganese Catalyst (PDF)
· MDP2P from isosafrole via the dibromide, bromohydrin and epoxide
· Isomerisation of Epoxides to Carbonyl Compounds by Iodides in DMSO
· Electrochemical Rearrangement of Isosafrole Epoxide to MDP2P
· Photochemical Conversion of Halohydrins to Ketones
· Epoxidation of Olefins without Metal Catalysts
· Oxidation of Alkenes to Diols with KMnO4/PTC
· Oxidation of Alkenes to Diols with Iodine and KIO3
· Synthesis of N-Iodosuccinimide (NIS) and using it to prepare iodohydrin acetates from alkenes
· Oxidation of propenylbenzenes to P2P's using Peracetic Acid
· Meinwald Rearrangement of Propenylbenzene Epoxides to Phenyl-2-Propanones
· Electrolytic oxidation of safrole to MDP2P
· Procedure for the oxidation of isosafrole to MDP2P using Oxone
· Epoxidation of propenylbenzenes using dimethyldioxirane or oxone
· MDP2P from (iso)safrole via epoxide intermediate
· Epoxidation of Safrole, using H2O2 and a peroxotungstate catalyst
· Epoxidation using a Manganese Catalyst (PDF)
· MDP2P from isosafrole via the dibromide, bromohydrin and epoxide
· Isomerisation of Epoxides to Carbonyl Compounds by Iodides in DMSO
· Electrochemical Rearrangement of Isosafrole Epoxide to MDP2P
· Photochemical Conversion of Halohydrins to Ketones
· Epoxidation of Olefins without Metal Catalysts
· Oxidation of Alkenes to Diols with KMnO4/PTC
· Oxidation of Alkenes to Diols with Iodine and KIO3
· Synthesis of N-Iodosuccinimide (NIS) and using it to prepare iodohydrin acetates from alkenes
· Piperonal from Pepper
· Piperonal from isosafrole
· Alkenes to Aldehydes with KMnO4
· Isosafrole from piperonal
· Novel synthesis of Piperonal
· MDMA precursors from Eugenol
· Demethylation (Vanillin/Eugenol) and Methylenation (Piperonal/Safrole)
· A Re-examination of the Methylenation Reaction
· Synthesis of 4-allylcatechol (3,4-dihydroxyallylbenzene)
· Synthesis of 4-allylcatechol (Mechanism of Claisen Rearrangement in Catechols)
· Synthesis of Safrole from catechol
· Synthesis of Safrole and o-Safrole
· MDP2P from piperonal via 3,4-Methylenedioxyphenyl-2-nitropropene
· Large-scale MDA from piperonal
· Preparation of MDP-2-nitropropene from piperonal with MeOH/NaOH
· Electrooxidation of Isosafrole to Piperonal (PDF)
· Electrochemical Oxidation of Isosafrole to Piperonal and Isosafrole Glycol
· Isomerization of Eugenol to Isoeugenol - Kinetic Studies
· Piperonal from isosafrole
· Alkenes to Aldehydes with KMnO4
· Isosafrole from piperonal
· Novel synthesis of Piperonal
· MDMA precursors from Eugenol
· Demethylation (Vanillin/Eugenol) and Methylenation (Piperonal/Safrole)
· A Re-examination of the Methylenation Reaction
· Synthesis of 4-allylcatechol (3,4-dihydroxyallylbenzene)
· Synthesis of 4-allylcatechol (Mechanism of Claisen Rearrangement in Catechols)
· Synthesis of Safrole from catechol
· Synthesis of Safrole and o-Safrole
· MDP2P from piperonal via 3,4-Methylenedioxyphenyl-2-nitropropene
· Large-scale MDA from piperonal
· Preparation of MDP-2-nitropropene from piperonal with MeOH/NaOH
· Electrooxidation of Isosafrole to Piperonal (PDF)
· Electrochemical Oxidation of Isosafrole to Piperonal and Isosafrole Glycol
· Isomerization of Eugenol to Isoeugenol - Kinetic Studies
· Reductive amination of MDP2P with NaBH4
· MDA by reductive amination with Sodium Cyanoborohydride
· Al/Hg reductive amination of MDP2P using nitromethane as methylamine source [Pictures]
· Preparation of Aluminum Amalgam
· Osmium's variation of the Al/Hg reductive amination of MDP2P
· MDP2P/Methylamine reductive amination Osmium/BrightStar Style
· Impurities detected in MDMA made by Al/Hg Reductive Amination
· Catalytic hydrogenation of MDP2P/Methylamine to MDMA
· Reductive amination with NaBH4 and titanium(IV)isopropoxide
· Reductive amination with NaBH4, titanium(IV)isopropoxide and methanolic methylamine
· Reductive Amination of Ketones to Primary Amines using NH4Cl/NaBH4
· Reduction of Oximes and Phenylacetonitriles with ZrCl4/NaBH4
· MDA from MDP2P via the oxime, reduced by sodium metal
· MDA by Al/Hg reduction of MDP2P oxime in acidic EtOH
· MDMA and MDA via the Leuckart reaction
· MDE synthesis via reductive amination with nitroethane
· MDE synthesis via reductive amination with ethylamine
· Sodium Dithionite for the Reduction of Imines and Cleavage of Oximes
· Electrochemical Reductive Amination Method
· Electrochemical Reductive Amination of P2P's over a Mercury Cathode (PDF)
· Reductive Amination with Sodium Triacetoxyborohydride (PDF)
· Reductive amination using metallic magnesium
· Reductive amination of ketones using Pd/C and formic acid (PDF)
· Synthesis of Secondary Amines - A Review
· Aqueous NaBH4 Reductive Amination of Phenylacetones
· Hydrogenation of imines (DjVu)
· Reductive Amination Using Potassium Formate and Palladium Acetate (PDF)
· Reductive Amination using Borohydride Exchange Resin (BER)
· Methylation of Amines with NaBH4 and ZnCl2 in DCM
· MDA by reductive amination with Sodium Cyanoborohydride
· Al/Hg reductive amination of MDP2P using nitromethane as methylamine source [Pictures]
· Preparation of Aluminum Amalgam
· Osmium's variation of the Al/Hg reductive amination of MDP2P
· MDP2P/Methylamine reductive amination Osmium/BrightStar Style
· Impurities detected in MDMA made by Al/Hg Reductive Amination
· Catalytic hydrogenation of MDP2P/Methylamine to MDMA
· Reductive amination with NaBH4 and titanium(IV)isopropoxide
· Reductive amination with NaBH4, titanium(IV)isopropoxide and methanolic methylamine
· Reductive Amination of Ketones to Primary Amines using NH4Cl/NaBH4
· Reduction of Oximes and Phenylacetonitriles with ZrCl4/NaBH4
· MDA from MDP2P via the oxime, reduced by sodium metal
· MDA by Al/Hg reduction of MDP2P oxime in acidic EtOH
· MDMA and MDA via the Leuckart reaction
· MDE synthesis via reductive amination with nitroethane
· MDE synthesis via reductive amination with ethylamine
· Sodium Dithionite for the Reduction of Imines and Cleavage of Oximes
· Electrochemical Reductive Amination Method
· Electrochemical Reductive Amination of P2P's over a Mercury Cathode (PDF)
· Reductive Amination with Sodium Triacetoxyborohydride (PDF)
· Reductive amination using metallic magnesium
· Reductive amination of ketones using Pd/C and formic acid (PDF)
· Synthesis of Secondary Amines - A Review
· Aqueous NaBH4 Reductive Amination of Phenylacetones
· Hydrogenation of imines (DjVu)
· Reductive Amination Using Potassium Formate and Palladium Acetate (PDF)
· Reductive Amination using Borohydride Exchange Resin (BER)
· Methylation of Amines with NaBH4 and ZnCl2 in DCM
· Benzoquinone/DMF Wacker Oxidation of Safrole
· Benzoquinone/Methanol Wacker Oxidation of Safrole (Methyl Man)
· Improvements to the Benzoquinone Wacker
· DMF/O2 Wacker Oxidation of Safrole
· KRV/SRV Methanol/O2 Wacker Oxidation of Safrole
· Discussions about the Alkyl Nitrite Wacker Oxidation of Safrole
· Electrochemical Wacker Oxidation of Safrole
· Electrochemical Wacker Oxidation of Safrole (Improvement)
· Regioselectivity in the Wacker oxidation of Propenylbenzenes (PDF)
· Cyclodextrin - Palladium Chloride as a Ketone-selective Wacker Oxidation System
· Benzoquinone/Methanol Wacker Oxidation of Safrole (Methyl Man)
· Improvements to the Benzoquinone Wacker
· DMF/O2 Wacker Oxidation of Safrole
· KRV/SRV Methanol/O2 Wacker Oxidation of Safrole
· Discussions about the Alkyl Nitrite Wacker Oxidation of Safrole
· Electrochemical Wacker Oxidation of Safrole
· Electrochemical Wacker Oxidation of Safrole (Improvement)
· Regioselectivity in the Wacker oxidation of Propenylbenzenes (PDF)
· Cyclodextrin - Palladium Chloride as a Ketone-selective Wacker Oxidation System
(Meth)amphetamines
· Crystal Creations (Archived Website Snapshot)
· Worlock's Meth Synthesis Page (Archived Website Snapshot)
· Resolution of Racemic Amphetamines into d- and l-Amphetamines
· Methamphetamine and P2P from phenylacetaldehyde
· Notes on the synthesis of chloroephedrine and reduction to methamphetamine
· Chloroephedrine Reduction to Methamphetamine
· Synthesis of phenylpropanolamine (PPA)
· CTH reduction of Phenyl-2-Nitropropene to Amphetamine
· Uncle Fester's Electroreduction of (pseudo)Ephedrine
· Phosphoramidomercuration of allylbenzene to give amphetamine
· Syntheses of Amphetamine and Methamphetamine
· A review of amphetamine and methamphetamine reduction methods
· The Clandestine Drug Laboratory Situation in the United States 1978-81
· Reductive amination overview with references
· Reductive alkylation overview with references
· Methamphetamine from P2P with NaBH4
· Al/Hg reductive amination under pressure
· Large scale meth production via catalytic hydrogenation
· Preparation of amphetamine phosphate (electrolytic reduction of phenylnitropropene)
· One Pot Amphetamine synth from BzCN, MeI and NaBH4
· Amphetamine from P2NP using Urushibara Nickel (NiCl2/Al)
· Meth from Benzylmagnesium chloride alkylation of acetaldehyde methylimine
· Methamphetamine from Phenyl-2-Propanone
· Methamphetamines from Amphetamines
· Synthesis of Allylbenzene from Cinnamaldehyde
· Synthesis of Benzyl Chloride
· Synthesis of Benzyl Cyanide
· Synthesis of Phenylacetic acid
· Allylbenzene - PhMgBr/CuI/Allylbromide
· PTC Willgerodt synthesis of Phenylacetic acids from Acetophenones
· Synthesis of Phenyl-2-nitropropene
· Comprehensive Leuckart Reaction Overview from Organic Reactions (PDF)
· Synthesis of Allylbenzene and Phenyl-2-bromopropane
· Direct Amination of Phenylpropenes to Amphetamines (German PDF)
· Preparation of Amphetamines from Phenylpropanolamines
· Optically pure Amphetamines by the way of alpha-Methylhydrocinnamic Acid
· Amphetamine Synthesis via an Acetoacetate Intermediate
· Reduction of benzylic alcohols to hydrocarbons with iodotrimethylsilane
· Dehydration of Phenyl-1-propanol to Propenylbenzene
· Synthesis of (S)-(+)-Amphetamine from (1S,2S)-2-Amino-1-Phenyl-1,3-Propanediol
· Amphetamine by Al/Hg reductive amination of P2P
· Efficient Isomerization of Allylbenzene with NaOH/PTC
· Synthesis of Deuterio-l-Amphetamine d1 Sulfate
· Synthesis of Deuterated Methamphetamine, DOB, PCP and Methaqualone
· Worlock's Meth Synthesis Page (Archived Website Snapshot)
· Resolution of Racemic Amphetamines into d- and l-Amphetamines
· Methamphetamine and P2P from phenylacetaldehyde
· Notes on the synthesis of chloroephedrine and reduction to methamphetamine
· Chloroephedrine Reduction to Methamphetamine
· Synthesis of phenylpropanolamine (PPA)
· CTH reduction of Phenyl-2-Nitropropene to Amphetamine
· Uncle Fester's Electroreduction of (pseudo)Ephedrine
· Phosphoramidomercuration of allylbenzene to give amphetamine
· Syntheses of Amphetamine and Methamphetamine
· A review of amphetamine and methamphetamine reduction methods
· The Clandestine Drug Laboratory Situation in the United States 1978-81
· Reductive amination overview with references
· Reductive alkylation overview with references
· Methamphetamine from P2P with NaBH4
· Al/Hg reductive amination under pressure
· Large scale meth production via catalytic hydrogenation
· Preparation of amphetamine phosphate (electrolytic reduction of phenylnitropropene)
· One Pot Amphetamine synth from BzCN, MeI and NaBH4
· Amphetamine from P2NP using Urushibara Nickel (NiCl2/Al)
· Meth from Benzylmagnesium chloride alkylation of acetaldehyde methylimine
· Methamphetamine from Phenyl-2-Propanone
· Methamphetamines from Amphetamines
· Synthesis of Allylbenzene from Cinnamaldehyde
· Synthesis of Benzyl Chloride
· Synthesis of Benzyl Cyanide
· Synthesis of Phenylacetic acid
· Allylbenzene - PhMgBr/CuI/Allylbromide
· PTC Willgerodt synthesis of Phenylacetic acids from Acetophenones
· Synthesis of Phenyl-2-nitropropene
· Comprehensive Leuckart Reaction Overview from Organic Reactions (PDF)
· Synthesis of Allylbenzene and Phenyl-2-bromopropane
· Direct Amination of Phenylpropenes to Amphetamines (German PDF)
· Preparation of Amphetamines from Phenylpropanolamines
· Optically pure Amphetamines by the way of alpha-Methylhydrocinnamic Acid
· Amphetamine Synthesis via an Acetoacetate Intermediate
· Reduction of benzylic alcohols to hydrocarbons with iodotrimethylsilane
· Dehydration of Phenyl-1-propanol to Propenylbenzene
· Synthesis of (S)-(+)-Amphetamine from (1S,2S)-2-Amino-1-Phenyl-1,3-Propanediol
· Amphetamine by Al/Hg reductive amination of P2P
· Efficient Isomerization of Allylbenzene with NaOH/PTC
· Synthesis of Deuterio-l-Amphetamine d1 Sulfate
· Synthesis of Deuterated Methamphetamine, DOB, PCP and Methaqualone
· The Complete Birch by Mr Clean
· Birch reduction of pseudoephedrine to Methamphetamine
· The Birch Reaction: Methamphetamine from (pseudo)ephedrine
· Chem Guy's notes on Birch-like reductions
· Birch Reduction kinetics (PDF)
· Anhydrous ammonia additivies inhibiting Birch reductions (PDF)
· Patent for Birch reduction inhibiting ammonia additives (PDF)
· How to reclaim Lithium metal from Lithium batteries (with pictures)
· Birch reduction of pseudoephedrine to Methamphetamine
· The Birch Reaction: Methamphetamine from (pseudo)ephedrine
· Chem Guy's notes on Birch-like reductions
· Birch Reduction kinetics (PDF)
· Anhydrous ammonia additivies inhibiting Birch reductions (PDF)
· Patent for Birch reduction inhibiting ammonia additives (PDF)
· How to reclaim Lithium metal from Lithium batteries (with pictures)
· Phenyl-2-Propanone (P2P) Syntheses - a Review
· Synthesis of Phenyl-2-Propanone via Phenyl-2-Propanol
· Phenyl-2-Propanone from Allylbenzene via P2Pol
· Phenyl-2-Propanol from Styrene Oxide
· Synthesis of P2P from 3-phenyl-1-chloropropane
· The Nef Reaction - Phenyl-2-nitropropane to P2P
· Improved H2O2/K2CO3 Nef Reaction
· Synthesis of p-Methoxy-P2P
· P2P from propenylbenzenes
· Azlactone Route to Phenyl-2-Propanones from Benzaldehydes
· Tin(II)Chloride reduction of phenylnitropropenes to P2P's
· CdCl2-Mg-H2O reduction of phenylnitropropenes to P2P's
· Raney Ni-Na2PO2 reduction of phenylnitropropenes to P2P's
· Strecker degradation of α-Methyl-Phenylalanine to P2P
· P2P by Hydroboration-Oxidation of Phenylpropyne
· Phenylacetones from O-Methyl Bromoacetone Oxime
· Phenylacetone by Wacker Oxidation of Propenylbenzene
· Differentiation of P2P Synthesized from Phenylacetic Acid with Acetic Anhydride vs. Lead(II)Acetate
· P2P trough Meerwein Arylation of Aniline
· Reaction of Aryllithiums with Epichlorohydrin
· Electroreductive Acylation of Benzyl Chloride to P2P
· Electroreductive Arylation of Chloroacetone to P2P
· P2P from n-Propylbenzene using the Étard Reaction
· Synthesis of Phenyl-2-Propanone via Phenyl-2-Propanol
· Phenyl-2-Propanone from Allylbenzene via P2Pol
· Phenyl-2-Propanol from Styrene Oxide
· Synthesis of P2P from 3-phenyl-1-chloropropane
· The Nef Reaction - Phenyl-2-nitropropane to P2P
· Improved H2O2/K2CO3 Nef Reaction
· Synthesis of p-Methoxy-P2P
· P2P from propenylbenzenes
· Azlactone Route to Phenyl-2-Propanones from Benzaldehydes
· Tin(II)Chloride reduction of phenylnitropropenes to P2P's
· CdCl2-Mg-H2O reduction of phenylnitropropenes to P2P's
· Raney Ni-Na2PO2 reduction of phenylnitropropenes to P2P's
· Strecker degradation of α-Methyl-Phenylalanine to P2P
· P2P by Hydroboration-Oxidation of Phenylpropyne
· Phenylacetones from O-Methyl Bromoacetone Oxime
· Phenylacetone by Wacker Oxidation of Propenylbenzene
· Differentiation of P2P Synthesized from Phenylacetic Acid with Acetic Anhydride vs. Lead(II)Acetate
· P2P trough Meerwein Arylation of Aniline
· Reaction of Aryllithiums with Epichlorohydrin
· Electroreductive Acylation of Benzyl Chloride to P2P
· Electroreductive Arylation of Chloroacetone to P2P
· P2P from n-Propylbenzene using the Étard Reaction
· Ephedrine: Synthesis, extraction and esterification
· Synthesis and resolution of racemic Ephedrine
· Enantioselective Synthesis of (1S,2S)-pseudoephedrine
· Racemization of Optically Active Ephedrines
· Comprehensive reference work on the extraction and synthesis of (pseudo)ephedrine
· Comparison of the Properties of Ephedrine and Pseudoephedrine
· Ephedrine and its Salts - Isolation and Properties
· Synthesis of Phenylpropanolamine and (Pseudo)Ephedrine
· [Patent] Synthesis of Ephedrine
· Synthesis of the Norephedrine Precursor (1R*,2S*)-1-Phenyl-2-nitropropanol
· Catalytic reduction of Ephedrine overview with references
· Ephedra (Ma Huang) as a source of (pseudo)ephedrine
· Chapter 5: Supercritical extraction of Pseudoephedrine from pills (PDF)
· Biotransformations for Ephedrine Production (PDF)
· l-Phenylacetylcarbinol (L-PAC) from Benzaldehyde (PDF)
· Phenylpropanolamine by reductive amination of L-PAC, made by fermentation of Benzaldehyde
· Debunking the Myth of Ephedrine/Methamphetamine in Chicken Feed
· dl-Ephedrine by reductive amination of 1-Phenyl-1,2-propanedione
· Ephedrine-type Alkaloid content of commercial Ephedra/Ma Huang preparations (PDF)
· Separation of methamphetamine from ephedrine through steam distillation
· Comprehensive article on (pseudo)ephedrine acetyl ester and amide (PDF)
· Pseudoephedrine pill denaturant patents US6136864 (PDF)
· Pseudoephedrine Extraction Technique: Waterless A/B
· Pseudoephedrine Extraction Technique: Full Turps Cure
· Pseudoephedrine Extraction Technique: E-Gull & IDEA Method
· Pseudoephedrine Extraction Technique: Straight to Bee
· Pseudoephedrine Extraction Technique: Straight to E
· Extraction of OTC Medications: A Preliminary Study Report by G.N. Gietzen (PDF)
· Synthesis and resolution of racemic Ephedrine
· Enantioselective Synthesis of (1S,2S)-pseudoephedrine
· Racemization of Optically Active Ephedrines
· Comprehensive reference work on the extraction and synthesis of (pseudo)ephedrine
· Comparison of the Properties of Ephedrine and Pseudoephedrine
· Ephedrine and its Salts - Isolation and Properties
· Synthesis of Phenylpropanolamine and (Pseudo)Ephedrine
· [Patent] Synthesis of Ephedrine
· Synthesis of the Norephedrine Precursor (1R*,2S*)-1-Phenyl-2-nitropropanol
· Catalytic reduction of Ephedrine overview with references
· Ephedra (Ma Huang) as a source of (pseudo)ephedrine
· Chapter 5: Supercritical extraction of Pseudoephedrine from pills (PDF)
· Biotransformations for Ephedrine Production (PDF)
· l-Phenylacetylcarbinol (L-PAC) from Benzaldehyde (PDF)
· Phenylpropanolamine by reductive amination of L-PAC, made by fermentation of Benzaldehyde
· Debunking the Myth of Ephedrine/Methamphetamine in Chicken Feed
· dl-Ephedrine by reductive amination of 1-Phenyl-1,2-propanedione
· Ephedrine-type Alkaloid content of commercial Ephedra/Ma Huang preparations (PDF)
· Separation of methamphetamine from ephedrine through steam distillation
· Comprehensive article on (pseudo)ephedrine acetyl ester and amide (PDF)
· Pseudoephedrine pill denaturant patents US6136864 (PDF)
· Pseudoephedrine Extraction Technique: Waterless A/B
· Pseudoephedrine Extraction Technique: Full Turps Cure
· Pseudoephedrine Extraction Technique: E-Gull & IDEA Method
· Pseudoephedrine Extraction Technique: Straight to Bee
· Pseudoephedrine Extraction Technique: Straight to E
· Extraction of OTC Medications: A Preliminary Study Report by G.N. Gietzen (PDF)
· Methamphetamine Synthesis Via HI/Red Phosphorous Reduction of Ephedrine
· Meth via HI/P by Wizard X
· Hypophosphorous Acid synthesis and reduction of (pseudo)ephedrine
· Hypophosphorous Acid reduction of (pseudo)ephedrine (with pictures)
· Placebo's meth synthesis
· Workup of the RP/HI Methamphetamine Synthesis
· The Mechanism of HI generation from RedP/I2
· Meth via HI/P by Wizard X
· Hypophosphorous Acid synthesis and reduction of (pseudo)ephedrine
· Hypophosphorous Acid reduction of (pseudo)ephedrine (with pictures)
· Placebo's meth synthesis
· Workup of the RP/HI Methamphetamine Synthesis
· The Mechanism of HI generation from RedP/I2
· Impurities Found in Methamphetamine Synthesized From Ephedrine with HI/P
· Impurities Found in Methamphetamine Synthesized via chloroephedrine
· Impurities Found in Illicit Amphetamine and Methamphetamine
· References regarding impurities from the synthesis of methamphetamine
· Impurities in Methamphetamine Synthesized From Ephedrine with HI/P
· Impurities in methamphetamine tablets found in Thailand (PDF)
· Reidentification of a Major Impurity in Illicit Amphetamine
· By-Product Contamination of Clandestinely Prepared Amphetamines and Cocaine
· The Origin of Alkenes in Illicit Amphetamine: Examination of the Illicit Synthesis of P2P
· [Bull. Narc.] Impurities in clandestinely produced amphetamine; A review
· [Bull. Narc.] Leuckart-specific impurities in amphetamine and methamphetamine
· [Bull. Narc.] Methamphetamine Impurity Profiling
· Impurities Found in Methamphetamine Synthesized via chloroephedrine
· Impurities Found in Illicit Amphetamine and Methamphetamine
· References regarding impurities from the synthesis of methamphetamine
· Impurities in Methamphetamine Synthesized From Ephedrine with HI/P
· Impurities in methamphetamine tablets found in Thailand (PDF)
· Reidentification of a Major Impurity in Illicit Amphetamine
· By-Product Contamination of Clandestinely Prepared Amphetamines and Cocaine
· The Origin of Alkenes in Illicit Amphetamine: Examination of the Illicit Synthesis of P2P
· [Bull. Narc.] Impurities in clandestinely produced amphetamine; A review
· [Bull. Narc.] Leuckart-specific impurities in amphetamine and methamphetamine
· [Bull. Narc.] Methamphetamine Impurity Profiling
· Methcathinone FAQ 2.2
· Criticism on the Cat FAQ
· Notes on the Synthesis of Methcathinone
· The Hyperreal Methcathinone Document
· Methcatinone via Jones Reagent Oxidation
· Synthesis and resolution of Cathinone from Phenylpropanolamine
· Comprehensive Methcatinone FAQ (In German)
· Synthesis of Dimethylcathinone
· Potentially Psychedelic Cathinone Analogs
· Synthesis of Phenylpropanolamine (PPA)
· Stereospecific synthesis, and optical resolution of Norpseudoephedrine
· (Methylenedioxy)Cathinone Characterization (PDF)
· Methcathinone Radiolabeling
· Ephedrone: 2-Methylamino-1-Phenylpropan-1-One (Jeff)
· The Identification of Cathinone in Khat (Catha edulis)
· TLC Identification Test for Khat (Catha edulis)
· Synthesis of Ephedrine & Methcathinone from Propionic Acid
· Criticism on the Cat FAQ
· Notes on the Synthesis of Methcathinone
· The Hyperreal Methcathinone Document
· Methcatinone via Jones Reagent Oxidation
· Synthesis and resolution of Cathinone from Phenylpropanolamine
· Comprehensive Methcatinone FAQ (In German)
· Synthesis of Dimethylcathinone
· Potentially Psychedelic Cathinone Analogs
· Synthesis of Phenylpropanolamine (PPA)
· Stereospecific synthesis, and optical resolution of Norpseudoephedrine
· (Methylenedioxy)Cathinone Characterization (PDF)
· Methcathinone Radiolabeling
· Ephedrone: 2-Methylamino-1-Phenylpropan-1-One (Jeff)
· The Identification of Cathinone in Khat (Catha edulis)
· TLC Identification Test for Khat (Catha edulis)
· Synthesis of Ephedrine & Methcathinone from Propionic Acid
Misc. Phenethylamines
· PiHKAL - THE phenethylamine synthesis reference, by Alexander Shulgin
· A structural tour of Pihkal
· A comprehensive review of Pihkal, by Tyrone Slothrop
· Psychedelic Chemistry by M. V. Smith
· Novel Fluoro and Nitro analogs of TMA-2 and MMDA-2
· A new route to 2,4,6-DOM and related compounds
· A new route to 3,5-dimethoxy-4-substituted-phenethylamines
· Ethylenediammonium diacetate - a novel nitrostyrene synthesis catalyst
· Decarboxylation of phenylalanines to phenethylamines
· Synthesis of 2C-D
· Synthesis of STP (DOM)
· 2,5-Dihydroxyalkylbenzenes from Benzoquinone
· Synthesis of DOC
· DOB Syntheses Without LAH
· Phenyl-2-nitropropenes from Propenylbenzenes
· Nitroalkenes from Alkenes using NaNO2/I2/Ethylene Glycol
· Nitroalkenes from Alkenes using KNO2/I2/THF/PTC
· Electrochemical transformation of alkenes to nitroalkenes
· Rhodanine route from benzaldehydes to phenylacetonitriles
· Synthesis of Indanylamphetamine (IAP)
· Formylation of Indane
· Synthesis of 5-Methyl-MDA
· Synthesis of 3-Methoxy-4-Methyl-Amphetamine (MMA)
· Synthesis of 4-Fluoroamphetamine
· Phenylnitropropenes and phenylacetones from benzaldehydes (Org. Syn.)
· Benzaldehydes from propenylbenzenes or cinnamic acids using KMnO4/alumina
· Synthesis of 2,5-dimethoxyallylbenzene
· Preparation of unsymmetrical 2,5-dialkoxybenzaldehydes
· Preparation of Phenethylamines from Benzyl Alcohols
· Preparation of Anethole and Asarone epoxide with H2O2/MeCN
· Synthesis of 4-Alkylthio-2,5-Dimethoxybenzaldehydes
· Alkylthio-benzaldehydes from Bromo-Benzaldehydes
· Synthesis of Phenethylamines from Phenylacetic Acids
· Synthesis of 2,3-Methylenedioxyamphetamines
· Ultrasound Promoted Nitrostyrene Synthesis
· 2,5-Dimethoxyphenylacetone via Darzen Condensation
· 4-Iodo-2,5-Dimethoxyphenylacetone
· Synthesis of 3-Methyl-2,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde
· Synthesis of 2C-CN
· Synthesis of 4-Methoxyphenol
· Synthesis of 3-Methyl-2,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde
· Synthesis of 3,4-Methylenedioxy-5-methoxybromobenzene
· Synthesis of Fenfluramine, with an immense amount of novel amphetamine synthesis reactions
· Sodium Percarbonate Dakin Reaction: Benzaldehydes and acetophenones to phenols
· Benzaldehydes to phenols using H2O2
· Synthesis of 4-Hydroxy-2,6-Dimethoxybenzaldehyde
· Oxidation of benzylalcohols to benzaldehydes with acidic DMSO
· Benzaldehydes by reductive oxidation of benzoic acids
· 3,5-Dimethoxy-4-Hydroxypropenylbenzene
· Synthesis of all the Trimethoxyphenylpropenes
· Synthesis of Croweacin and some of its derivatives
· KG-60-NEt2 as Henry reaction catalyst
· Synthesis of 3-Methyl- and 4-Methyl-2,5-Dimethoxybenzaldehyde
· Synthesis of 4-Methoxyphenol
· 2,5-Dimethoxyacetophenone from Hydroquinone
· Synthesis of 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-Fluoroethylamphetamine (DOEF)
· The Synthesis of Nitrostyrenes by the Henry Reaction
· Synthesis of 4-Fluoro-2,5-Dimethoxyamphetamine (DOF)
· High-yielding synthesis of Amphetamines using a Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons Olefination
· Alkyl Bromides to Secondary Amines using an aza-Wittig Reaction
· Oxidation of Allylbenzenes to Phenylacetaldehydes and Phenylacetaldoximes
· Synthesis of 2C-T-X Nitrostyrenes
· 2-Methoxy-3,4-Methylenedioxybenzaldehyde (Croweacinaldehyde) from Pyrogallol
· Synthesis of Croweacinaldehyde by Vilsmeyer Formylation
· Shulgin's first report on TMA
· First Synthesis of DOB
· Synthesis of 4-Methyl-3-Methoxy-Amphetamine (MMA)
· Alkylation of phenolic aldehydes with trimethyl phosphate
· Thiolation of 4-Methoxyphenol to 2-Hydroxy-5-methoxythiophenol
· Shulgin & Nichols: First report on Aleph and 2C-T
· First Reported Synthesis of 3,4,5-Trimethoxyamphetamine (TMA)
· A structural tour of Pihkal
· A comprehensive review of Pihkal, by Tyrone Slothrop
· Psychedelic Chemistry by M. V. Smith
· Novel Fluoro and Nitro analogs of TMA-2 and MMDA-2
· A new route to 2,4,6-DOM and related compounds
· A new route to 3,5-dimethoxy-4-substituted-phenethylamines
· Ethylenediammonium diacetate - a novel nitrostyrene synthesis catalyst
· Decarboxylation of phenylalanines to phenethylamines
· Synthesis of 2C-D
· Synthesis of STP (DOM)
· 2,5-Dihydroxyalkylbenzenes from Benzoquinone
· Synthesis of DOC
· DOB Syntheses Without LAH
· Phenyl-2-nitropropenes from Propenylbenzenes
· Nitroalkenes from Alkenes using NaNO2/I2/Ethylene Glycol
· Nitroalkenes from Alkenes using KNO2/I2/THF/PTC
· Electrochemical transformation of alkenes to nitroalkenes
· Rhodanine route from benzaldehydes to phenylacetonitriles
· Synthesis of Indanylamphetamine (IAP)
· Formylation of Indane
· Synthesis of 5-Methyl-MDA
· Synthesis of 3-Methoxy-4-Methyl-Amphetamine (MMA)
· Synthesis of 4-Fluoroamphetamine
· Phenylnitropropenes and phenylacetones from benzaldehydes (Org. Syn.)
· Benzaldehydes from propenylbenzenes or cinnamic acids using KMnO4/alumina
· Synthesis of 2,5-dimethoxyallylbenzene
· Preparation of unsymmetrical 2,5-dialkoxybenzaldehydes
· Preparation of Phenethylamines from Benzyl Alcohols
· Preparation of Anethole and Asarone epoxide with H2O2/MeCN
· Synthesis of 4-Alkylthio-2,5-Dimethoxybenzaldehydes
· Alkylthio-benzaldehydes from Bromo-Benzaldehydes
· Synthesis of Phenethylamines from Phenylacetic Acids
· Synthesis of 2,3-Methylenedioxyamphetamines
· Ultrasound Promoted Nitrostyrene Synthesis
· 2,5-Dimethoxyphenylacetone via Darzen Condensation
· 4-Iodo-2,5-Dimethoxyphenylacetone
· Synthesis of 3-Methyl-2,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde
· Synthesis of 2C-CN
· Synthesis of 4-Methoxyphenol
· Synthesis of 3-Methyl-2,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde
· Synthesis of 3,4-Methylenedioxy-5-methoxybromobenzene
· Synthesis of Fenfluramine, with an immense amount of novel amphetamine synthesis reactions
· Sodium Percarbonate Dakin Reaction: Benzaldehydes and acetophenones to phenols
· Benzaldehydes to phenols using H2O2
· Synthesis of 4-Hydroxy-2,6-Dimethoxybenzaldehyde
· Oxidation of benzylalcohols to benzaldehydes with acidic DMSO
· Benzaldehydes by reductive oxidation of benzoic acids
· 3,5-Dimethoxy-4-Hydroxypropenylbenzene
· Synthesis of all the Trimethoxyphenylpropenes
· Synthesis of Croweacin and some of its derivatives
· KG-60-NEt2 as Henry reaction catalyst
· Synthesis of 3-Methyl- and 4-Methyl-2,5-Dimethoxybenzaldehyde
· Synthesis of 4-Methoxyphenol
· 2,5-Dimethoxyacetophenone from Hydroquinone
· Synthesis of 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-Fluoroethylamphetamine (DOEF)
· The Synthesis of Nitrostyrenes by the Henry Reaction
· Synthesis of 4-Fluoro-2,5-Dimethoxyamphetamine (DOF)
· High-yielding synthesis of Amphetamines using a Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons Olefination
· Alkyl Bromides to Secondary Amines using an aza-Wittig Reaction
· Oxidation of Allylbenzenes to Phenylacetaldehydes and Phenylacetaldoximes
· Synthesis of 2C-T-X Nitrostyrenes
· 2-Methoxy-3,4-Methylenedioxybenzaldehyde (Croweacinaldehyde) from Pyrogallol
· Synthesis of Croweacinaldehyde by Vilsmeyer Formylation
· Shulgin's first report on TMA
· First Synthesis of DOB
· Synthesis of 4-Methyl-3-Methoxy-Amphetamine (MMA)
· Alkylation of phenolic aldehydes with trimethyl phosphate
· Thiolation of 4-Methoxyphenol to 2-Hydroxy-5-methoxythiophenol
· Shulgin & Nichols: First report on Aleph and 2C-T
· First Reported Synthesis of 3,4,5-Trimethoxyamphetamine (TMA)
· Shulgin's first report on MMDA
· Shulgin: MMDA Psychopharmacology
· Conversion of Eugenol to Myristicin and Elimicin
· Composition of the Myristicin Fraction from Oil of Nutmeg
· Synthesis of Myristicin
· Myristicinaldehyde (3,4-methylenedioxy-5-Methoxybenzadehyde)
· Synthesis of Myristicinaldehyde and Apiolealdehyde
· Homomyristicinic Acid, Myristicinaldehyde etc. from Myristicin
· Synthesis of Myristicinaldehyde and 5-Hydroxypiperonal
· 5-Hydroxyvanillin and 5-Hydroxy-3,4-Dimethoxybenzaldehyde from 5-Bromovanillin
· Shulgin: MMDA Psychopharmacology
· Conversion of Eugenol to Myristicin and Elimicin
· Composition of the Myristicin Fraction from Oil of Nutmeg
· Synthesis of Myristicin
· Myristicinaldehyde (3,4-methylenedioxy-5-Methoxybenzadehyde)
· Synthesis of Myristicinaldehyde and Apiolealdehyde
· Homomyristicinic Acid, Myristicinaldehyde etc. from Myristicin
· Synthesis of Myristicinaldehyde and 5-Hydroxypiperonal
· 5-Hydroxyvanillin and 5-Hydroxy-3,4-Dimethoxybenzaldehyde from 5-Bromovanillin
· Synthesis of DMMDA-2, 6-Br-DMMDA-2 and DMMDMA-2
· DMMDA-2 from dillapiole via the Delepine reaction
· Isodillapiole Pseudonitrosite and Nitropropene
· 2,3-Dimethoxy-4,5-Methylenedioxy-Phenylacetone from Isodillapiole
· 4,5-Dimethoxy-2,3-Methylenedioxyallylbenzene (pseudo-Dillapiole)
· Syntheses of Dillapiole and its 4-Methylthio analog
· Synthesis of Dillapiole and 1,2,3,4-Tetramethoxyallylbenzene
· Shulgin's first report on DMMDA and DMMDA-2
· DMMDA-2 from dillapiole via the Delepine reaction
· Isodillapiole Pseudonitrosite and Nitropropene
· 2,3-Dimethoxy-4,5-Methylenedioxy-Phenylacetone from Isodillapiole
· 4,5-Dimethoxy-2,3-Methylenedioxyallylbenzene (pseudo-Dillapiole)
· Syntheses of Dillapiole and its 4-Methylthio analog
· Synthesis of Dillapiole and 1,2,3,4-Tetramethoxyallylbenzene
· Shulgin's first report on DMMDA and DMMDA-2
· 2,4,5-Trimethoxyphenyl-2-nitropropene from asarone via the benzaldehyde
· TMA-2 from Calamus oil, using Wacker Oxidation and Leuckart amination
· TMA-2 from Calamus root bark - by Randolph Carter
· Reduction of 2,4,5-Trimethoxyphenyl-2-nitropropene to TMA-2
· Synthesis of 2-Bromo-4,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde, a TMA-2 precursor
· CTH Reduction of 2,4,5-Trimethoxyphenyl-2-nitropropene to the ketoxime
· Reactions of Asarone
· GC Behavior of Asarone, Isosafrole, Isoeugenol and Methyl Isoeugenol cis/trans isomers
· Asarone Epoxidation Using Sodium Hypochlorite
· Why Asarone Cannot be Used in the Performic Oxidation
· New synthetic route for analogs of alpha-asarone
· Conversion of beta-Asarone into 2,4,5-Trimethoxycinnamaldehyde and gamma-Asarone
· TMA-2 from Calamus oil, using Wacker Oxidation and Leuckart amination
· TMA-2 from Calamus root bark - by Randolph Carter
· Reduction of 2,4,5-Trimethoxyphenyl-2-nitropropene to TMA-2
· Synthesis of 2-Bromo-4,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde, a TMA-2 precursor
· CTH Reduction of 2,4,5-Trimethoxyphenyl-2-nitropropene to the ketoxime
· Reactions of Asarone
· GC Behavior of Asarone, Isosafrole, Isoeugenol and Methyl Isoeugenol cis/trans isomers
· Asarone Epoxidation Using Sodium Hypochlorite
· Why Asarone Cannot be Used in the Performic Oxidation
· New synthetic route for analogs of alpha-asarone
· Conversion of beta-Asarone into 2,4,5-Trimethoxycinnamaldehyde and gamma-Asarone
· Mescaline from 3,4,5-Trimethoxybenzaldehyde via the Phenylacetonitrile
· Mescaline synthesis monograph from The Alkaloids Vol III
· Synthesis of Mescaline from eucalyptus sawdust
· Synthesis and Pharmacology of 2,6-Dichloromescaline
· MMDA & Mescaline synthesis from vanillin
· Electrosynthesis of mescaline
· Mescaline through catalytic hydrogenation
· Synthesis of 3,4,5-Trimethoxybenzaldehyde from Vanillin
· 5-Iodovanillin and 5-hydroxyvanillin from Vanillin
· Synthesis of Syringaldehyde
· Syringaldehyde from Spruce and Maple Woods
· Synthesis of 3,4,5-Trimethoxy-nitrostyrene and 3,4,5-Trimethoxyphenyl-2-nitroethane
· 3,4,5-Trimethoxybenzaldehyde from p-Cresol
· Extraction of Mescaline from Cacti
· 3,4,5-Trimethoxybenzaldehyde from Vanillin, 4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde or p-Cresol
· 3,4,5-Trimethoxybenzaldehyde from Gallic Acid (3,4,5-Trimethoxybenzoic Acid)
· An Improved Synthesis of Mescaline from Gallic Acid
· Syringaldehyde from 5-Bromovanillin by Ester-catalyzed Methanolysis
· Synthesis of Mescaline from 2,6-Dimethoxyphenol using the Mannich Reaction
· Syntheses of Mescaline from Gallic acid
· Shulgin: Mescaline - The Chemistry and Pharmacology of its Analogs
· Illustrated Synthesis of 3,4,5-Trimethoxy-beta-nitrostyrene and 3,4,5-Trimethoxyphenyl-2-nitroethane
· Mescaline synthesis monograph from The Alkaloids Vol III
· Synthesis of Mescaline from eucalyptus sawdust
· Synthesis and Pharmacology of 2,6-Dichloromescaline
· MMDA & Mescaline synthesis from vanillin
· Electrosynthesis of mescaline
· Mescaline through catalytic hydrogenation
· Synthesis of 3,4,5-Trimethoxybenzaldehyde from Vanillin
· 5-Iodovanillin and 5-hydroxyvanillin from Vanillin
· Synthesis of Syringaldehyde
· Syringaldehyde from Spruce and Maple Woods
· Synthesis of 3,4,5-Trimethoxy-nitrostyrene and 3,4,5-Trimethoxyphenyl-2-nitroethane
· 3,4,5-Trimethoxybenzaldehyde from p-Cresol
· Extraction of Mescaline from Cacti
· 3,4,5-Trimethoxybenzaldehyde from Vanillin, 4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde or p-Cresol
· 3,4,5-Trimethoxybenzaldehyde from Gallic Acid (3,4,5-Trimethoxybenzoic Acid)
· An Improved Synthesis of Mescaline from Gallic Acid
· Syringaldehyde from 5-Bromovanillin by Ester-catalyzed Methanolysis
· Synthesis of Mescaline from 2,6-Dimethoxyphenol using the Mannich Reaction
· Syntheses of Mescaline from Gallic acid
· Shulgin: Mescaline - The Chemistry and Pharmacology of its Analogs
· Illustrated Synthesis of 3,4,5-Trimethoxy-beta-nitrostyrene and 3,4,5-Trimethoxyphenyl-2-nitroethane
· 2C-B Synthesis from 2,5-DMB
· Beaker's 2C-B synthesis using borohydride/CTH
· Improved NaBH4 reduction of nitrostyrenes to phenylnitroalkanes
· High-yield synthesis of 2C-H using LAH
· 2C-B Synthesis via Mannich reaction
· 2C-H via Darzen condensation
· Discussions of possible new 2C-B syntheses
· Reports on different successful 2C-B syntheses
· Synthesis of 2C-H via a mandelonitrile intermediate
· A novel route to 2C-B (and 2C-D/2C-E)
· Catalytic hydrogenation of 2,5-dimethoxynitrostyrene to give 2C-H
· Catalytic hydrogenation of 2,5-dimethoxynitrostyrene to 2C-H
· Improved bromination of 2C-H to 2C-B
· Bromination of 2,5-Dimethoxybenzaldehyde
· Selective Bromination and Iodination of 2,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde
· Large-scale 2C-H bromination with pictures
· Synthesis of 2C-B from Anise Oil (PDF)
· Synthesis of 2,5-Dimethoxyphenylacetic Acid, the corresponding aldehyde, alcohol and ethyl ester
· Beaker's 2C-B synthesis using borohydride/CTH
· Improved NaBH4 reduction of nitrostyrenes to phenylnitroalkanes
· High-yield synthesis of 2C-H using LAH
· 2C-B Synthesis via Mannich reaction
· 2C-H via Darzen condensation
· Discussions of possible new 2C-B syntheses
· Reports on different successful 2C-B syntheses
· Synthesis of 2C-H via a mandelonitrile intermediate
· A novel route to 2C-B (and 2C-D/2C-E)
· Catalytic hydrogenation of 2,5-dimethoxynitrostyrene to give 2C-H
· Catalytic hydrogenation of 2,5-dimethoxynitrostyrene to 2C-H
· Improved bromination of 2C-H to 2C-B
· Bromination of 2,5-Dimethoxybenzaldehyde
· Selective Bromination and Iodination of 2,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde
· Large-scale 2C-H bromination with pictures
· Synthesis of 2C-B from Anise Oil (PDF)
· Synthesis of 2,5-Dimethoxyphenylacetic Acid, the corresponding aldehyde, alcohol and ethyl ester
· Iodination of methoxybenzenes with I2/NaNO3
· Iodination of substituted benzenes with N-iodosuccinimide/TFA (PDF)
· Iodination of Methoxyamphetamines (I2/AgSO4)
· Iodination of Methoxybenzenes with NIS
· Aromatic Iodination
· Halogenation of methoxybenzenes with N-halosuccinimides
· 2C-C and DOC with N-chlorosuccinimide and perchloric acid
· Synthesis of 4-Chloro-2,5-Dimethoxyphenethylamine (2C-C)
· Regioselective Halogenation of Aromatics Using Potassium Halides and Oxone
· Regioselective Oxyiodination of Aromatics Using KI/Oxone
· Regioselective Bromination of Aromatics Using KBr/Oxone
· Regioselective Chlorination of Aromatics Using KCl/Oxone
· Aromatic Iodination with Lead Tetraacetate as the Oxidant
· Aromatic Chlorination with Sodium Hypochlorite
· Synthesis of 4-Iodo-2,5-Dimethoxybenzaldehyde
· Iodination of Methoxybenzenes using Alkali Iodides and H2SO4
· Iodination of Methoxybenzenes using a Mixture of Potassium Iodide and Iodate
· Shulgin: Synthesis of Radio-Iodinated N,N-Dimethyl-meta-Dimethoxyamphetamines
· Shulgin: Synthesis of 121I and 125I Radioiodinated 4-Iodo-2,5-Dimethoxyamphetamine (DOI)
· Shulgin: Synthesis of 123I Radioiodinated 4-Iodo-2,5-Dimethoxyamphetamine (DOI)
· Synthesis of 77Br Radiobrominated 4-Bromo-2,5-Dimethoxyphenylisopropylamine (DOB)
· Iodination of substituted benzenes with N-iodosuccinimide/TFA (PDF)
· Iodination of Methoxyamphetamines (I2/AgSO4)
· Iodination of Methoxybenzenes with NIS
· Aromatic Iodination
· Halogenation of methoxybenzenes with N-halosuccinimides
· 2C-C and DOC with N-chlorosuccinimide and perchloric acid
· Synthesis of 4-Chloro-2,5-Dimethoxyphenethylamine (2C-C)
· Regioselective Halogenation of Aromatics Using Potassium Halides and Oxone
· Regioselective Oxyiodination of Aromatics Using KI/Oxone
· Regioselective Bromination of Aromatics Using KBr/Oxone
· Regioselective Chlorination of Aromatics Using KCl/Oxone
· Aromatic Iodination with Lead Tetraacetate as the Oxidant
· Aromatic Chlorination with Sodium Hypochlorite
· Synthesis of 4-Iodo-2,5-Dimethoxybenzaldehyde
· Iodination of Methoxybenzenes using Alkali Iodides and H2SO4
· Iodination of Methoxybenzenes using a Mixture of Potassium Iodide and Iodate
· Shulgin: Synthesis of Radio-Iodinated N,N-Dimethyl-meta-Dimethoxyamphetamines
· Shulgin: Synthesis of 121I and 125I Radioiodinated 4-Iodo-2,5-Dimethoxyamphetamine (DOI)
· Shulgin: Synthesis of 123I Radioiodinated 4-Iodo-2,5-Dimethoxyamphetamine (DOI)
· Synthesis of 77Br Radiobrominated 4-Bromo-2,5-Dimethoxyphenylisopropylamine (DOB)
· Reduction of Nitroalkenes with Zinc and Aluminum Amalgams
· 3,5-Dimethoxy-4-Alkoxy-Phenethylamines by Zn/HCl Reduction of Nitrostyrenes
· Phenethylamines fron nitrostyrenes via 1 atm catalytic hydrogenation
· Reduction of Phenylacetonitriles and Nitrostyrenes to PEA's with LiBH4/ NaBH4and TMSCl
· Notes on the LAH reduction of nitrostyrenes
· Reduction of Nitrostyrenes with Red-Al (Vitride)
· Reduction of Nitrostyrenes to Phenethylamines using Red-Al
· Miscellaneous reductions of oximes to amines
· High-Yield Oxime Preparation using CaO/Hydroxylamine·HCl
· Nitrostyrene reduction using diisobutylaluminium hydride
· Zinc Borohydride Reducing Agent (PDF)
· Sodium Cyanoborohydride - Synthesis, Purification and Use (PDF)
· Sodium Cyanoborohydride Reduction - Review (DjVu)
· Borch Reduction - Cyanotrihydridoborate as a selective reducing agent (PDF)
· Sodium Borohydride/Carboxylic Acids - Sodium Triacetoxyborohydride (PDF)
· Sodium Borohydride in Carboxylic Acid Media - Review (DjVu)
· Catalytic Hydrogenation of Nitrostyrenes at 1 atm H2
· Aqueous CTH with PdCl2/HCOOH/NaOH of cinnamic acids to hydrocinnamates
· Synthesis and Reduction of Azides
· Reductive Acetylation: Azides to N-acetylamines with AlI3/Ac2O
· Reduction of Azides to Amines with Zinc/NH4Cl
· Reduction of Nitriles to Primary Amines with Nickel Boride
· Reduction of Nitroalkenes to Oximes
· Oximes from Conjugated Nitroalkenes using Pd/C-Ammonium Formate CTH
· Oximes from Conjugated Nitroalkenes using Lead Powder
· Reduction of Nitroalkanes to amines using Zinc/Ammonium Formate
· Reduction of Nitroalkanes to amines using Zinc/Hydrazinium Formate
· Reduction of Nitroalkanes to amines using Magnesium/Hydrazinium Formate
· Reduction of nitroalkenes to nitroalkanes with 2-phenylbenzimidazoline
· Reduction of nitroalkenes to nitroalkanes with Triethylamine-Formic Acid
· Poisoning and Deactivation of Palladium Catalysts (PDF)
· Nitrostyrenes to Nitroalkanes with Methanolic Sodium Borohydride
· Nitrostyrenes to Nitroalkanes with Borohydride Exchange Resin (BER)
· Reduction of Phenylacetonitriles to Phenethylamines
· Electroreduction of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives (DjVu)
· Reduction of Phenolic Nitrostyrenes with LAH
· Electroreduction of Nitroalkenes to Oximes and Amines
· Reductions with Sodium Borohydride/Sulfur - NaBH2S3 (PDF)
· Reductions with Alkyloxyaluminohydrides, Red-Al etc. (PDF)
· Selective Reduction of Aldehydes with Sodium Triacetoxyborohydride
· CTH Reduction of Nitroalkenes to Oximes using Pd/C-Decaborane
· Ultrasound-Promoted Aluminum Amalgam reduction of Nitroalcohols to Aminoalcohols
· Reduction of Nitroalkenes to Hydroxylamines using Boranes
· One-Pot Preparation of N-Substituted Hydroxylamines from Nitroalkenes using Boranes
· Reduction of Nitroalkanes to Amines or Hydroxylamines using SmI2
· Reduction of Oximes to Amines with a Zn-Cu Couple
· Selective Reduction of Nitro Compounds Using Formic Acid and Raney Nickel
· High-yielding reduction of nitrostyrenes to amines using Al/Hg
· Reduction of oximes to amines using Magnesium/Ammonium Formate
· Catalytic Reduction of Nitriles and Oximes
· Reduction of Amides and nitriles to amines using Tetrabutylammonium Borohydride
· CTH reduction of aldehydes and ketones to carbonyl compounds
· Pd/C- Hypophosphite CTH Reduction of Nitroalkenes to Oximes
· Varma & Kabalka: Reduction of Conjugated Nitroalkenes with Boron Reagents (Review)
· Varma & Kabalka: Synthesis and Reduction of Conjugated Nitroalkenes (Review)
· Reduction of Nitro Compounds to Amines with Titanium(II) Reagents
· Reduction of Nitroalkenes to Amines with in situ prepared BH3·THF
· Reduction of Nitroalkenes and Nitroalkanes to Amines Using NaBH4/NiCl2 and Ultrasound
· Zinc/Ammonium Formate: Reduction of Oximes to Amines
· Benzyl Group Hydrogenolysis Using Zinc and Ammonium Formate
· Reduction of Nitroalkenes to Oximes using Chromium(II)Chloride
· Reduction of Nitroalkenes to Ketones using Chromium(II)Chloride
· Review: Catalytic Hydrogen Transfer Reductions Using Ammonium Formate
· CTH Reduction of Nitroalkanes to Amines
· 3,5-Dimethoxy-4-Alkoxy-Phenethylamines by Zn/HCl Reduction of Nitrostyrenes
· Phenethylamines fron nitrostyrenes via 1 atm catalytic hydrogenation
· Reduction of Phenylacetonitriles and Nitrostyrenes to PEA's with LiBH4/ NaBH4and TMSCl
· Notes on the LAH reduction of nitrostyrenes
· Reduction of Nitrostyrenes with Red-Al (Vitride)
· Reduction of Nitrostyrenes to Phenethylamines using Red-Al
· Miscellaneous reductions of oximes to amines
· High-Yield Oxime Preparation using CaO/Hydroxylamine·HCl
· Nitrostyrene reduction using diisobutylaluminium hydride
· Zinc Borohydride Reducing Agent (PDF)
· Sodium Cyanoborohydride - Synthesis, Purification and Use (PDF)
· Sodium Cyanoborohydride Reduction - Review (DjVu)
· Borch Reduction - Cyanotrihydridoborate as a selective reducing agent (PDF)
· Sodium Borohydride/Carboxylic Acids - Sodium Triacetoxyborohydride (PDF)
· Sodium Borohydride in Carboxylic Acid Media - Review (DjVu)
· Catalytic Hydrogenation of Nitrostyrenes at 1 atm H2
· Aqueous CTH with PdCl2/HCOOH/NaOH of cinnamic acids to hydrocinnamates
· Synthesis and Reduction of Azides
· Reductive Acetylation: Azides to N-acetylamines with AlI3/Ac2O
· Reduction of Azides to Amines with Zinc/NH4Cl
· Reduction of Nitriles to Primary Amines with Nickel Boride
· Reduction of Nitroalkenes to Oximes
· Oximes from Conjugated Nitroalkenes using Pd/C-Ammonium Formate CTH
· Oximes from Conjugated Nitroalkenes using Lead Powder
· Reduction of Nitroalkanes to amines using Zinc/Ammonium Formate
· Reduction of Nitroalkanes to amines using Zinc/Hydrazinium Formate
· Reduction of Nitroalkanes to amines using Magnesium/Hydrazinium Formate
· Reduction of nitroalkenes to nitroalkanes with 2-phenylbenzimidazoline
· Reduction of nitroalkenes to nitroalkanes with Triethylamine-Formic Acid
· Poisoning and Deactivation of Palladium Catalysts (PDF)
· Nitrostyrenes to Nitroalkanes with Methanolic Sodium Borohydride
· Nitrostyrenes to Nitroalkanes with Borohydride Exchange Resin (BER)
· Reduction of Phenylacetonitriles to Phenethylamines
· Electroreduction of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives (DjVu)
· Reduction of Phenolic Nitrostyrenes with LAH
· Electroreduction of Nitroalkenes to Oximes and Amines
· Reductions with Sodium Borohydride/Sulfur - NaBH2S3 (PDF)
· Reductions with Alkyloxyaluminohydrides, Red-Al etc. (PDF)
· Selective Reduction of Aldehydes with Sodium Triacetoxyborohydride
· CTH Reduction of Nitroalkenes to Oximes using Pd/C-Decaborane
· Ultrasound-Promoted Aluminum Amalgam reduction of Nitroalcohols to Aminoalcohols
· Reduction of Nitroalkenes to Hydroxylamines using Boranes
· One-Pot Preparation of N-Substituted Hydroxylamines from Nitroalkenes using Boranes
· Reduction of Nitroalkanes to Amines or Hydroxylamines using SmI2
· Reduction of Oximes to Amines with a Zn-Cu Couple
· Selective Reduction of Nitro Compounds Using Formic Acid and Raney Nickel
· High-yielding reduction of nitrostyrenes to amines using Al/Hg
· Reduction of oximes to amines using Magnesium/Ammonium Formate
· Catalytic Reduction of Nitriles and Oximes
· Reduction of Amides and nitriles to amines using Tetrabutylammonium Borohydride
· CTH reduction of aldehydes and ketones to carbonyl compounds
· Pd/C- Hypophosphite CTH Reduction of Nitroalkenes to Oximes
· Varma & Kabalka: Reduction of Conjugated Nitroalkenes with Boron Reagents (Review)
· Varma & Kabalka: Synthesis and Reduction of Conjugated Nitroalkenes (Review)
· Reduction of Nitro Compounds to Amines with Titanium(II) Reagents
· Reduction of Nitroalkenes to Amines with in situ prepared BH3·THF
· Reduction of Nitroalkenes and Nitroalkanes to Amines Using NaBH4/NiCl2 and Ultrasound
· Zinc/Ammonium Formate: Reduction of Oximes to Amines
· Benzyl Group Hydrogenolysis Using Zinc and Ammonium Formate
· Reduction of Nitroalkenes to Oximes using Chromium(II)Chloride
· Reduction of Nitroalkenes to Ketones using Chromium(II)Chloride
· Review: Catalytic Hydrogen Transfer Reductions Using Ammonium Formate
· CTH Reduction of Nitroalkanes to Amines
Tryptamines
· TiHKAL - THE tryptamine synthesis reference, by Alexander Shulgin
· Tryptamine Synthesis from Tryptophan
· Synthesis of Tryptamine and 5-MeO-Tryptamine
· Synthesis of 5-Methoxytryptamine (Mexamine)
· alpha-Methyltryptamine (IT-290, AMT) Synthesis
· Indole-3-acetaldehyde from Tryptophan
· Synthesis of 5-Bromo-Indole
· Synthesis of Indoleacetic acid
· Synthesis of 5-Cyano-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-CN-DMT)
· Synthesis of 7-bromotryptamine HCl
· Indole-3-acetonitrile by Cyanomethylation of Indole
· Preparation of alpha-Substituted Tryptamines from Isatins
· The Speeter-Anthony Tryptamine Synthesis
· Tryptamine Synthesis from Tryptophan
· Synthesis of Tryptamine and 5-MeO-Tryptamine
· Synthesis of 5-Methoxytryptamine (Mexamine)
· alpha-Methyltryptamine (IT-290, AMT) Synthesis
· Indole-3-acetaldehyde from Tryptophan
· Synthesis of 5-Bromo-Indole
· Synthesis of Indoleacetic acid
· Synthesis of 5-Cyano-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-CN-DMT)
· Synthesis of 7-bromotryptamine HCl
· Indole-3-acetonitrile by Cyanomethylation of Indole
· Preparation of alpha-Substituted Tryptamines from Isatins
· The Speeter-Anthony Tryptamine Synthesis
· Extraction, TLC Analysis and Purification of Psilocybian Alkaloids
· Synthesis of Psilocin
· Synthesis of Psilocybin and 4-Acetoxy-DMT (O-Acetyl-psilocin)
· Psilocin Analogs, bromine or formyl substituted at either the 5- or 7-position (PDF)
· Psilocin synthesis through Pd-catalyzed alkyne cyclization (PDF)
· Large-scale synthesis of Psilocin and Psilocybin (PDF)
· Extraction and analysis of indole derivatives from fungal biomass
· Psilocin Extraction from Psilocybe Mushrooms
· Synthesis of Psilocin
· Synthesis of Psilocybin and 4-Acetoxy-DMT (O-Acetyl-psilocin)
· Psilocin Analogs, bromine or formyl substituted at either the 5- or 7-position (PDF)
· Psilocin synthesis through Pd-catalyzed alkyne cyclization (PDF)
· Large-scale synthesis of Psilocin and Psilocybin (PDF)
· Extraction and analysis of indole derivatives from fungal biomass
· Psilocin Extraction from Psilocybe Mushrooms
· DMT and DET synthesis
· Synthesis of DMT (and analogs) from Tryptamine
· Synthesis of DMT from Indoleacetic acid
· Synthesis of DMT via Tryptophol
· DMT synthesis via direct Fischer Indole Synthesis
· DMT from 2-nitrostyrenes
· DMT and 5-MeO-DMT from Me2NH/Cl-CH2CHO/Indole
· DMT tartrate prep, starting from Acacia maidenii bark
· 5-Methoxy-N-Methyltryptamine (O,N-Dimethylserotonin), synthesis, isolation and analysis
· 5-MeO-DMT Analysis: Quantitative & Qualitative TLC (PDF)
· Synthesis of DMT by Alkylating Indole Grignard Reagents
· Synthesis of Deuterated DMT and 5-MeO-DMT
· Synthesis of DMT (and analogs) from Tryptamine
· Synthesis of DMT from Indoleacetic acid
· Synthesis of DMT via Tryptophol
· DMT synthesis via direct Fischer Indole Synthesis
· DMT from 2-nitrostyrenes
· DMT and 5-MeO-DMT from Me2NH/Cl-CH2CHO/Indole
· DMT tartrate prep, starting from Acacia maidenii bark
· 5-Methoxy-N-Methyltryptamine (O,N-Dimethylserotonin), synthesis, isolation and analysis
· 5-MeO-DMT Analysis: Quantitative & Qualitative TLC (PDF)
· Synthesis of DMT by Alkylating Indole Grignard Reagents
· Synthesis of Deuterated DMT and 5-MeO-DMT
· LSD from Ergotamine Tartrate
· Novel synthetic route to LSD from elymoclavine
· LSD Synthesis: Discussion & References
· LSD Material Safety Data Sheet
· How to field test blotters for presence of LSD
· Possible two-step synth of LSD from LSA and iso-LSA
· LSD Syntheses from 'Recreational Drugs' by Prof. Buzz
· LSD Synthesis Patent
· LSD Synthesis using Peptide Coupling Reagents
· LSD Trafficking overview by the DEA
· LSD Manufacture overview by the DEA
· Field Identification Manual for Claviceps Ergot Fungus (PDF)
· Synthesis of Lysergic Acid from Paspalic Acid
· Ergot Alkaloid article by Arthur Stoll (PDF)
· LSD Total Synthesis by Cobalt-catalyzed cyclization of 4-Ethynyl-Indole-3-Acetonitrile (PDF)
· Synthetic Studies on (+)-Lysergic Acid (PDF)
· Ergot Alkaloid Biosynthesis, Tet. Rep. #14 (PDF)
· Fermentation Experiments with Claviceps Paspali
· Lysergic acid from ergocristine
· Hydrolysis of Ergotinine to Lysergic Acid
· R. B. Woodward's Total Synthesis of Lysergic Acid
· Novel Total Synthesis of Lysergic Acid
· Synthesis of 14C-Diethylamine and 14C-LSD
· Novel synthetic route to LSD from elymoclavine
· LSD Synthesis: Discussion & References
· LSD Material Safety Data Sheet
· How to field test blotters for presence of LSD
· Possible two-step synth of LSD from LSA and iso-LSA
· LSD Syntheses from 'Recreational Drugs' by Prof. Buzz
· LSD Synthesis Patent
· LSD Synthesis using Peptide Coupling Reagents
· LSD Trafficking overview by the DEA
· LSD Manufacture overview by the DEA
· Field Identification Manual for Claviceps Ergot Fungus (PDF)
· Synthesis of Lysergic Acid from Paspalic Acid
· Ergot Alkaloid article by Arthur Stoll (PDF)
· LSD Total Synthesis by Cobalt-catalyzed cyclization of 4-Ethynyl-Indole-3-Acetonitrile (PDF)
· Synthetic Studies on (+)-Lysergic Acid (PDF)
· Ergot Alkaloid Biosynthesis, Tet. Rep. #14 (PDF)
· Fermentation Experiments with Claviceps Paspali
· Lysergic acid from ergocristine
· Hydrolysis of Ergotinine to Lysergic Acid
· R. B. Woodward's Total Synthesis of Lysergic Acid
· Novel Total Synthesis of Lysergic Acid
· Synthesis of 14C-Diethylamine and 14C-LSD
Opiates and Opioids
· Codeine to Morphine Conversion Review
· "Homebake" Labs: Codeine to Morphine and Heroin
· Extraction and purification of morphine from opium
· New patent on the extraction and purification of morphine from opium
· Opium - Poppy Cultivation, Morphine and Heroin Manufacture
· Morphine and Opium Alkaloids
· Identification tests of morphine
· Synthesis of Dimenoxadol
· Total synthesis of (-)-Morphine (PDF)
· Total synthesis of (+)-Morphine (PDF)
· Synthesis of Levorphanol (levo-Dromoran)
· Synthesis of Pethidine (Demerol)
· One-step synthesis of Prodine
· Morphine and structurally related analgesics
· Pethidine-type Analgesics Overview
· The Stereochemistry of Morphine
· Total Synthesis of Morphine
· Codeine FAQ
· Chromic's Coldwater Codeine Extraction
· Synthesis of a Clonitazene/Etonitazene Analog
· Conversion of Thebaine to Codeine
· Anileridine Synthesis and Pharmacology
· "Homebake" Labs: Codeine to Morphine and Heroin
· Extraction and purification of morphine from opium
· New patent on the extraction and purification of morphine from opium
· Opium - Poppy Cultivation, Morphine and Heroin Manufacture
· Morphine and Opium Alkaloids
· Identification tests of morphine
· Synthesis of Dimenoxadol
· Total synthesis of (-)-Morphine (PDF)
· Total synthesis of (+)-Morphine (PDF)
· Synthesis of Levorphanol (levo-Dromoran)
· Synthesis of Pethidine (Demerol)
· One-step synthesis of Prodine
· Morphine and structurally related analgesics
· Pethidine-type Analgesics Overview
· The Stereochemistry of Morphine
· Total Synthesis of Morphine
· Codeine FAQ
· Chromic's Coldwater Codeine Extraction
· Synthesis of a Clonitazene/Etonitazene Analog
· Conversion of Thebaine to Codeine
· Anileridine Synthesis and Pharmacology
· Fentanyl Synthesis
· Discussions on a Fentanyl analog suggested by Drone #342
· Carfentanil synthesis
· Total Synthesis of Sufentanil
· Synthesis and evaluation of 4-Methyl-Fentanyl (PDF)
· Synthesis and evaluation of 2,3-seco-Fentanyl (PDF)
· Theoretical study of 2,3-seco-Fentanyl and other Fentanyl analogs
· Fentanyl Designer Drugs: Past History and Future Prospects
· The Identification of China White
· Designer Drugs: Past History and Future Prospects
· Discussions on a Fentanyl analog suggested by Drone #342
· Carfentanil synthesis
· Total Synthesis of Sufentanil
· Synthesis and evaluation of 4-Methyl-Fentanyl (PDF)
· Synthesis and evaluation of 2,3-seco-Fentanyl (PDF)
· Theoretical study of 2,3-seco-Fentanyl and other Fentanyl analogs
· Fentanyl Designer Drugs: Past History and Future Prospects
· The Identification of China White
· Designer Drugs: Past History and Future Prospects
Misc Drugs
· GHB Synthesis FAQ
· Preparation of Sodium GHB by Chem-R-Us
· Synthesis and evaluation of 4-Methyl-GHB
· Synthesis and evaluation of the GHB analogs MAB and DABD
· Dehydrogenation of 1,4-Butanediol (1,4-BD) to gamma-Butyrolactone (GBL)
· References for the oxidation of THF to GBL
· Synthesis of GHB/GBL from GABA (Sandmeyer Reaction)
· Sodium bromate oxidation of THF to GBL (PDF)
· Solvent-free Permanganate oxidation of THF and 1,4-butanediol to GBL
· Hypochlorite oxidation of 1,4-butanediol to GBL
· Potential for gamma-Butyrolactone Synthesis from Tetrahydrofuran and 1,4-Butanediol
· 1,4-Butanediol (1,4-BD, BDO) - Forensic Profile
· Oxidation of THF to GBL with Calcium Hypochlorite
· Preparation of Sodium GHB by Chem-R-Us
· Synthesis and evaluation of 4-Methyl-GHB
· Synthesis and evaluation of the GHB analogs MAB and DABD
· Dehydrogenation of 1,4-Butanediol (1,4-BD) to gamma-Butyrolactone (GBL)
· References for the oxidation of THF to GBL
· Synthesis of GHB/GBL from GABA (Sandmeyer Reaction)
· Sodium bromate oxidation of THF to GBL (PDF)
· Solvent-free Permanganate oxidation of THF and 1,4-butanediol to GBL
· Hypochlorite oxidation of 1,4-butanediol to GBL
· Potential for gamma-Butyrolactone Synthesis from Tetrahydrofuran and 1,4-Butanediol
· 1,4-Butanediol (1,4-BD, BDO) - Forensic Profile
· Oxidation of THF to GBL with Calcium Hypochlorite
· Synthesis and Effects of PCP Analogs - A Review
· Illicit Synthesis of Phencyclidine (PCP) and Several of Its Analogs
· The detection of PCC contamination in PCP and TCP
· Synthesis of Eticyclidine and Rolicyclidine
· Synthesis of Ketamine
· Synthesis of Ketamine with all precursors made from scratch
· Synthesis of 4-Methoxy-PCP
· Illicit Synthesis of Phencyclidine (PCP) and Several of Its Analogs
· The detection of PCC contamination in PCP and TCP
· Synthesis of Eticyclidine and Rolicyclidine
· Synthesis of Ketamine
· Synthesis of Ketamine with all precursors made from scratch
· Synthesis of 4-Methoxy-PCP
· Illicit Production of Cocaine - A Review
· A Practical Total Synthesis of Cocaine's Enantiomers
· Synthesis of Cocaine
· Synthesis of Cocaine analogs from Arecoline
· [Bull. Narc.] Topics in the chemistry of cocaine
· Coca Cultivation & Cocaine Processing
· Nitrone Synthetic Route to Cocaine
· Cocaine containing plants
· SAR and Synthesis of Cocaine Analogs (PDF)
· Phenyltropane analogs with >60x the potency of Cocaine itself (DjVu)
· A Practical Total Synthesis of Cocaine's Enantiomers
· Synthesis of Cocaine
· Synthesis of Cocaine analogs from Arecoline
· [Bull. Narc.] Topics in the chemistry of cocaine
· Coca Cultivation & Cocaine Processing
· Nitrone Synthetic Route to Cocaine
· Cocaine containing plants
· SAR and Synthesis of Cocaine Analogs (PDF)
· Phenyltropane analogs with >60x the potency of Cocaine itself (DjVu)
· Synthesis of the stimulants Adrafinil and Modafinil
· Synthesis of 1-Benzylpiperazine (BzP, A2)
· 4-Methyl Aminorex synthesis FAQ (beta)
· Large info/synthesis collection on 4-Methylaminorex (U4Euh)
· Appearance of Aminorex as a Designer Analog of 4-Methylaminorex
· The Stereoisomers of 4-Methylaminorex (U4Euh)
· A Fatality Involving U4Euh
· para-Fluoro-4-Methylaminorex
· Pemoline Synthesis
· Chemistry of 2-Amino-Oxazolines
· Diarylpiperidines as potential CNS stimulants
· Synthesis of diphenyl-2-pyrrolidinyl-methanol and diphenyl-2-pyrrolidinyl-methane
· Synthesis of BPAP, a Potent and Selective Catecholamine Activity Enhancer (PDF)
· Synthesis of optically pure threo-methylphenidate (Ritalin)
· Synthesis of 1-Benzylpiperazine (BzP, A2)
· 4-Methyl Aminorex synthesis FAQ (beta)
· Large info/synthesis collection on 4-Methylaminorex (U4Euh)
· Appearance of Aminorex as a Designer Analog of 4-Methylaminorex
· The Stereoisomers of 4-Methylaminorex (U4Euh)
· A Fatality Involving U4Euh
· para-Fluoro-4-Methylaminorex
· Pemoline Synthesis
· Chemistry of 2-Amino-Oxazolines
· Diarylpiperidines as potential CNS stimulants
· Synthesis of diphenyl-2-pyrrolidinyl-methanol and diphenyl-2-pyrrolidinyl-methane
· Synthesis of BPAP, a Potent and Selective Catecholamine Activity Enhancer (PDF)
· Synthesis of optically pure threo-methylphenidate (Ritalin)
· Methaqualone (Quaalude) Synthesis
· Synthesis of Meprobamate (Miltown)
· Synthesis of Chloral Hydrate
· Preparation of trichlorobutanol (Chlorbutol)
· Synthesis of phenylpiperazine derivatives
· Hormones and Other Anabolic Drugs
· BZ and related substances
· BZ and Other Incapacitating Agents
· Review: Amanita Muscaria (Fly Agaric) - Chemistry, Biology & Ethnomycology (PDF)
· Synthesis of Muscimol
· Synthesis of several Barbiturates
· Barbiturates, their chemistry and synthesis
· Notes on Adrenochrome
· Improved extraction of Salvinorins from Salvia Divinorum
· Salvinorin Extraction and Refinement FAQ v7.6
· Possible synthesis of Salvinorin
· The Salvia Divinorum Grower's Guide
· The Chemistry and Pharmacology of Kava-Kava
· Synthesis of Thiomuscimol, a potent muscimol analog
· Synthesis of Moclobemide
· Synthesis of Melperone
· Synthesis of Benzocaine
· First Synthesis of Viagra (Sildenafil)
· Development of the Commercial Synthesis of Viagra (Sildenafil)
· One-pot synthesis of Bupropion (Wellbutrin/Zyban)
· Synthesis of Meprobamate (Miltown)
· Synthesis of Chloral Hydrate
· Preparation of trichlorobutanol (Chlorbutol)
· Synthesis of phenylpiperazine derivatives
· Hormones and Other Anabolic Drugs
· BZ and related substances
· BZ and Other Incapacitating Agents
· Review: Amanita Muscaria (Fly Agaric) - Chemistry, Biology & Ethnomycology (PDF)
· Synthesis of Muscimol
· Synthesis of several Barbiturates
· Barbiturates, their chemistry and synthesis
· Notes on Adrenochrome
· Improved extraction of Salvinorins from Salvia Divinorum
· Salvinorin Extraction and Refinement FAQ v7.6
· Possible synthesis of Salvinorin
· The Salvia Divinorum Grower's Guide
· The Chemistry and Pharmacology of Kava-Kava
· Synthesis of Thiomuscimol, a potent muscimol analog
· Synthesis of Moclobemide
· Synthesis of Melperone
· Synthesis of Benzocaine
· First Synthesis of Viagra (Sildenafil)
· Development of the Commercial Synthesis of Viagra (Sildenafil)
· One-pot synthesis of Bupropion (Wellbutrin/Zyban)
Precursors and Reagents
· Methylamine Synthesis FAQ
· Nitroalkane Synthesis FAQ
· Nitroethane Synthesis: A Compilation
· Oxalyl chloride
· Phenylhydrazines
· Alkylation of phenolic aldehydes with trimethyl phosphate
· Methylene bromide
· Methylene iodide
· Cinnamic acid and beta-Bromostyrene
· Allylbenzene from cinnamyl alcohol
· Diethyl ether
· Acetic anhydride, Propionic anhydride and Acetyl chloride
· Formic acid
· Acetamide
· Amides from Carboxylic Acids and Amines
· Various formylation procedures
· Modified Duff Formylation with HMTA/TFA
· Aromatic Formylation using Triformamide
· Gattermann Aromatic Formylation
· Synthesis of Aromatic Aldehydes (Review)
· Anilines to Benzaldehydes (Organic Syntheses)
· Oxalic Acid from Household Cleaners
· Oxalic Acid from Household Cleaners (Improved Method)
· Info on nutmeg, extraction of nutmeg oil and isolation of myristicin
· Bromobenzene
· Iodobenzene
· Mandelic Acid and Derivatives
· para-Benzoquinone
· Toluquinone and Toluhydroquinone
· Ethyl Acetoacetate
· Notes on the use of 1-dimethylamino-2-nitroethylene (DMANE)
· Preparation of Acetophenones
· Acetophenones and Propiophenones
· Easy preparation of Chloroform
· Citric acid from lemon juice
· N-methylformamide
· Dichloromethyl methyl ether
· Chloroacetone and Bromoacetone
· Methyl Iodide from Methanol
· Great reference on natural propenylbenzenes and aldehydes (in German)
· Natural amphetamine precursors (with pictures)
· 2-Phenylpropanal
· Allyl Alcohol
· Preparation of Diphenylacetic acids (PDF)
· Alkyl Bromides from Alcohols
· Alkyl Nitrites from Alcohols
· Isopropyl Nitrite doc 2.0
· Ketene
· Acetonedicarboxylic Acid
· Diethyl Sulfate
· N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) and N-Iodosuccinimide (NIS)
· Aromatic nitration with KNO3/H2SO4 in DCM (ortho-Selective)
· Aromatic nitration with NaHSO4/NaNO3/SiO2 in DCM
· Acetaldehyde and Paraldehyde
· Tetrabutylammonium Bromide (TBAB)
· 2-Nitropropene
· Ethyl Acetate
· Diethyl Azodicarboxylate (DEAD)
· Nitrobenzene and Aniline
· Chloroacetic acid
· Benzylamine and its N-Methyl and N,N-Dimethyl derivatives
· Methylisopropylamine
· Alkyl Chlorides to Alkyl Bromides using CaBr2/PTC
· alpha-Phenylethylamine, Synthesis and Optical Resolution
· Synthesis and resolution of alpha-Phenethylamine
· 3-Hydroxythiophenol (mono-thioresorcinol)
· Acids to aldehydes using Saccharin and Red-Al
· Silica Gel Supported Jones Reagent for the Oxidation of Alcohols to Aldehydes
· One-pot Conversion of Alcohols to Primary Amines
· Phenol methylation with Betaine
· Oxone Promoted Nef Reaction
· Propionic Acid from n-Propanol or MEK
· 6-Nitro- and 4-Nitro-2,5-Dimethoxybenzaldehyde
· Optically active cyanohydrins by use of Almond meal
· The preparation and use of Diazomethane
· The preparation and use of Methylene Sulfate
· The preparation of Ethyl and Methyl Sulfonic Acid Esters from Ortoformates
· Bromination Method for Anilines and Anisoles Using NH4Br/H2O2 in Acetic Acid
· Nitroalkane Synthesis FAQ
· Nitroethane Synthesis: A Compilation
· Oxalyl chloride
· Phenylhydrazines
· Alkylation of phenolic aldehydes with trimethyl phosphate
· Methylene bromide
· Methylene iodide
· Cinnamic acid and beta-Bromostyrene
· Allylbenzene from cinnamyl alcohol
· Diethyl ether
· Acetic anhydride, Propionic anhydride and Acetyl chloride
· Formic acid
· Acetamide
· Amides from Carboxylic Acids and Amines
· Various formylation procedures
· Modified Duff Formylation with HMTA/TFA
· Aromatic Formylation using Triformamide
· Gattermann Aromatic Formylation
· Synthesis of Aromatic Aldehydes (Review)
· Anilines to Benzaldehydes (Organic Syntheses)
· Oxalic Acid from Household Cleaners
· Oxalic Acid from Household Cleaners (Improved Method)
· Info on nutmeg, extraction of nutmeg oil and isolation of myristicin
· Bromobenzene
· Iodobenzene
· Mandelic Acid and Derivatives
· para-Benzoquinone
· Toluquinone and Toluhydroquinone
· Ethyl Acetoacetate
· Notes on the use of 1-dimethylamino-2-nitroethylene (DMANE)
· Preparation of Acetophenones
· Acetophenones and Propiophenones
· Easy preparation of Chloroform
· Citric acid from lemon juice
· N-methylformamide
· Dichloromethyl methyl ether
· Chloroacetone and Bromoacetone
· Methyl Iodide from Methanol
· Great reference on natural propenylbenzenes and aldehydes (in German)
· Natural amphetamine precursors (with pictures)
· 2-Phenylpropanal
· Allyl Alcohol
· Preparation of Diphenylacetic acids (PDF)
· Alkyl Bromides from Alcohols
· Alkyl Nitrites from Alcohols
· Isopropyl Nitrite doc 2.0
· Ketene
· Acetonedicarboxylic Acid
· Diethyl Sulfate
· N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) and N-Iodosuccinimide (NIS)
· Aromatic nitration with KNO3/H2SO4 in DCM (ortho-Selective)
· Aromatic nitration with NaHSO4/NaNO3/SiO2 in DCM
· Acetaldehyde and Paraldehyde
· Tetrabutylammonium Bromide (TBAB)
· 2-Nitropropene
· Ethyl Acetate
· Diethyl Azodicarboxylate (DEAD)
· Nitrobenzene and Aniline
· Chloroacetic acid
· Benzylamine and its N-Methyl and N,N-Dimethyl derivatives
· Methylisopropylamine
· Alkyl Chlorides to Alkyl Bromides using CaBr2/PTC
· alpha-Phenylethylamine, Synthesis and Optical Resolution
· Synthesis and resolution of alpha-Phenethylamine
· 3-Hydroxythiophenol (mono-thioresorcinol)
· Acids to aldehydes using Saccharin and Red-Al
· Silica Gel Supported Jones Reagent for the Oxidation of Alcohols to Aldehydes
· One-pot Conversion of Alcohols to Primary Amines
· Phenol methylation with Betaine
· Oxone Promoted Nef Reaction
· Propionic Acid from n-Propanol or MEK
· 6-Nitro- and 4-Nitro-2,5-Dimethoxybenzaldehyde
· Optically active cyanohydrins by use of Almond meal
· The preparation and use of Diazomethane
· The preparation and use of Methylene Sulfate
· The preparation of Ethyl and Methyl Sulfonic Acid Esters from Ortoformates
· Bromination Method for Anilines and Anisoles Using NH4Br/H2O2 in Acetic Acid
· Iodine Fact File
· Iodine crystals from Povidone-Iodine
· Iodine from Iodides with Ultrasound
· Iodine from Iodine tincture
· Phosphorus Fact File
· Red Phosphorous from matchbook strikers
· Chemical Behaviour of Red Phosphorus in Water
· Cyanogen Iodide (ICN)
· Potassium dichromate
· Palladium & Platinum catalysts preparation FAQ
· Urushibara Catalysts - New Hydrogenation Catalysts
· Rochelle salt (Potassium Sodium Tartrate)
· Sodium Cyanide
· Copper Chromite (dehydrogenation catalyst)
· Cuprous Chloride
· Mercury Salts (HgCl2, Hg2Cl2, HgSO4)
· Lithium Aluminum Hydride (LAH)
· Lead Tetraacetate, Pb(OAc)4
· Sodium Nitrite
· Guanidine Nitrate from Calcium Cyanamide
· Hydroxylamine Hydrochloride
· Manganese(III)acetate
· H2O2 FAQ from H2O2.com
· Cyanogen Bromide (CNBr)
· Liquid Anhydrous Ammonia
· Aluminum Chloride and Aluminum Bromide
· Lithium Borohydride
· Dithionite Salts Preparation
· Palladium(II)Chloride, PdCl2
· Sodium Cyanoborohydride
· Thionyl Chloride Purification
· Hydrazine Sulfate (OTC Prep)
· Tetrakis(Triphenylphosphine)Palladium(0)
· Chlorotris(Triphenylphosphine)Rhodium(I) (Wilkinson's Catalyst)
· Pyrophosphoryl Chloride
· Preparation of the hydrated diacetate salts of Chromium(II) and Copper(II)
· Iodine crystals from Povidone-Iodine
· Iodine from Iodides with Ultrasound
· Iodine from Iodine tincture
· Phosphorus Fact File
· Red Phosphorous from matchbook strikers
· Chemical Behaviour of Red Phosphorus in Water
· Cyanogen Iodide (ICN)
· Potassium dichromate
· Palladium & Platinum catalysts preparation FAQ
· Urushibara Catalysts - New Hydrogenation Catalysts
· Rochelle salt (Potassium Sodium Tartrate)
· Sodium Cyanide
· Copper Chromite (dehydrogenation catalyst)
· Cuprous Chloride
· Mercury Salts (HgCl2, Hg2Cl2, HgSO4)
· Lithium Aluminum Hydride (LAH)
· Lead Tetraacetate, Pb(OAc)4
· Sodium Nitrite
· Guanidine Nitrate from Calcium Cyanamide
· Hydroxylamine Hydrochloride
· Manganese(III)acetate
· H2O2 FAQ from H2O2.com
· Cyanogen Bromide (CNBr)
· Liquid Anhydrous Ammonia
· Aluminum Chloride and Aluminum Bromide
· Lithium Borohydride
· Dithionite Salts Preparation
· Palladium(II)Chloride, PdCl2
· Sodium Cyanoborohydride
· Thionyl Chloride Purification
· Hydrazine Sulfate (OTC Prep)
· Tetrakis(Triphenylphosphine)Palladium(0)
· Chlorotris(Triphenylphosphine)Rhodium(I) (Wilkinson's Catalyst)
· Pyrophosphoryl Chloride
· Preparation of the hydrated diacetate salts of Chromium(II) and Copper(II)
· Preparation of 57% Hydriodic Acid
· Anhydrous Hydrogen Iodide and 57% Hydriodic Acid
· Anhydrous Hydrogen Iodide from 57% aqueous HI and phosphorous pentoxide
· Anhydrous Hydrogen Chloride
· Anhydrous Hydrogen Chloride (Ghetto Prep)
· Anhydrous Hydrogen Chloride [ HCl(aq) + CaCl2 ]
· Hydrogen Gas
· Chlorine
· Nitrous Oxide
· Anhydrous Hydrogen Iodide and 57% Hydriodic Acid
· Anhydrous Hydrogen Iodide from 57% aqueous HI and phosphorous pentoxide
· Anhydrous Hydrogen Chloride
· Anhydrous Hydrogen Chloride (Ghetto Prep)
· Anhydrous Hydrogen Chloride [ HCl(aq) + CaCl2 ]
· Hydrogen Gas
· Chlorine
· Nitrous Oxide
Law Related
· DEA's Suspicious Chemical Orders Task Force
· Special Surveillance List of Chemicals, Products, Materials and Equipment
· Code of Federal Regulations - Schedules of Controlled Substances
· Watched and Listed chemicals in the US
· Buying Chemicals, Glassware and Lab Equipment
· Abstracts from the forensic journal J. Cland. Lab. Invest. Chem. Assoc.
· Yogi Shan's Clandestine Chemistry FAQ
· Clandestine Drug Laboratories
· DEA report on future synthetic drugs of abuse
· Alexander Shulgin elaborates on future drugs of abuse
· Review: Clandestine Drug Synthesis
· Methamphetamine Control Act
· Methamphetamine Control Act FAQ
· Methamphetamine Precursor Chemical Control in the 1990's
· Precursors Frequently used in Clandestine Laboratories by INCB (PDF)
· Drugs and Chemicals of Concern
· Drug Precursor Chemical Control in Canada
· Amphetamine-type Stimulants - A Global Overview (PDF)
· Chemical Diversion and Synthetic Drug Manufacture (PDF)
· Code of Practice for Supply Diversion into Illicit Drug Manufacture (Australia)
· The Control and Monitoring of Drugs and Chemicals to Prevent their Diversion for Illicit Use (Australia)
· Special Surveillance List of Chemicals, Products, Materials and Equipment
· Code of Federal Regulations - Schedules of Controlled Substances
· Watched and Listed chemicals in the US
· Buying Chemicals, Glassware and Lab Equipment
· Abstracts from the forensic journal J. Cland. Lab. Invest. Chem. Assoc.
· Yogi Shan's Clandestine Chemistry FAQ
· Clandestine Drug Laboratories
· DEA report on future synthetic drugs of abuse
· Alexander Shulgin elaborates on future drugs of abuse
· Review: Clandestine Drug Synthesis
· Methamphetamine Control Act
· Methamphetamine Control Act FAQ
· Methamphetamine Precursor Chemical Control in the 1990's
· Precursors Frequently used in Clandestine Laboratories by INCB (PDF)
· Drugs and Chemicals of Concern
· Drug Precursor Chemical Control in Canada
· Amphetamine-type Stimulants - A Global Overview (PDF)
· Chemical Diversion and Synthetic Drug Manufacture (PDF)
· Code of Practice for Supply Diversion into Illicit Drug Manufacture (Australia)
· The Control and Monitoring of Drugs and Chemicals to Prevent their Diversion for Illicit Use (Australia)
· CSA - Canada
· CSA - Canada, with structural diagrams
· CSA - United States (Schedules 1999)
· CSA - United States (Entire Act)
· CSA - United States (Controlled substances and exemptions)
· CSA - Germany
· Grundstoffüberwachungsgesetz (Germany, PDF)
· Regulation on narcotic substances (Iceland)
· Sweden - Controlled Substances
· Norway - Controlled Substances
· Norway - List of herbs and compounds classified as pharmaceuticals
· CSA - Estonia
· Drug precursors subject to EU authorisations
· List I and List II Chemicals (US)
· UN Report INCB/1999/4 on illicit drug precursor trafficking
· UN Report INCB/1998/4 on illicit drug precursor trafficking
· CSA - Canada, with structural diagrams
· CSA - United States (Schedules 1999)
· CSA - United States (Entire Act)
· CSA - United States (Controlled substances and exemptions)
· CSA - Germany
· Grundstoffüberwachungsgesetz (Germany, PDF)
· Regulation on narcotic substances (Iceland)
· Sweden - Controlled Substances
· Norway - Controlled Substances
· Norway - List of herbs and compounds classified as pharmaceuticals
· CSA - Estonia
· Drug precursors subject to EU authorisations
· List I and List II Chemicals (US)
· UN Report INCB/1999/4 on illicit drug precursor trafficking
· UN Report INCB/1998/4 on illicit drug precursor trafficking
Equipment & Lab Technique
· Setup for standard, vacuum and fractional distillation
· All-glass rotary evaporator
· Aspirator vacuum station with no need for running water
· Improvised Overhead Stirrer
· Homemade microgram scale
· Natural pH Indicators
· Digital vacuum gauge
· Build your own high-quality still (PDF)
· Do it yourself buchner funnel (PDF)
· Tips for Safe Parr Hydrogenator Use (PDF)
· A Simple and Easy Quick-Connect System for Condenser Hoses
· How to set up distillation equipment and much more (in German)
· Handling of air- and moisture-sensitive reagents (Aldrich Bulletin)
· Ground Glassware - Sizes and standards (PDF)
· Efficient Kugelrohr Distillation Cooling (PDF)
· Cheaply made Glove Box
· Very detailed distillation setup instructions
· Construction and Selection of Fume Hood Designs (PDF)
· Construction of a Liebig condenser from copper tubing
· How to perform a vacuum filtration
· How to perform extractions and washes with a separatory funnel
· Destruction and neutralization of hazardous lab waste
· Magnetic Stirrer Plans
· How thick is your Aluminum Foil?
· Construction and operation of a catalytic hydrogenation bomb
· Recrystallization Technique
· Basic Lab Skills - Crystallization, Distillation, Extraction, TLC, melting point
· Designing a Chemistry Laboratory (DjVu)
· Constructing a good fume hood (DjVu)
· Scientific Glassblowing, Part 1 (DjVu)
· Scientific Glassblowing, Part 2 (DjVu)
· Description of Equipment and Basic Lab Setups
· The Glassware Gallery - Drawings and Descriptions of Lab Equipment
· Needle Gauge sizes
· Simple Glass to Fancy Glass
· Construction of an Inline Gas Dryer (moisture protection tube)
· Cheap and efficient hydrogenation apparatus
· The Visual Organic Chemistry Laboratory - Lab technique explained in detail with pictures
· Ultra-micro boiling point determination
· Extraction Theory
· Beginners Guide to Soxhlet Extraction (PDF)
· Comprehensive Vacuum Pump FAQ with sections about Vacuum Gauges and Tubing
· Heat sources and heating bath fluids
· Titrating of Organometallic Reagents (such as RLi and t-BuOK)
· Excellent Illustrated Tutorial on Simple & Vacuum Distillations, vacuum bp calculation etc.
· Wine Corks as Stands for Round-Bottomed Flasks
· Recrystallization and Acid/Base Extraction - The Basics
· Condenser Ice-Cooling Setup
· Rotary Evaporators - Theory & Practice
· Parr Hydrogenation Apparatus Manual
· Hydrogen Chloride Gas Generators Associated with Clandestine Drug Labs
· Efficient and Inexpensive Apparatus for Hot Filtration
· Inexpensive Microscale Magnetic Stirrer
· Pump-less Condenser Cooling Water Circulator
· Small Scale Reactor for Ultraviolet Photochemistry
· New Glassware for Small-Scale Distillation
· Microscale Vacuum Distillation Apparatus for Simple Separations
· Design for a Miniature Portable Fume Hood
· Construction of a Compact Steam Distillation Apparatus
· All-glass rotary evaporator
· Aspirator vacuum station with no need for running water
· Improvised Overhead Stirrer
· Homemade microgram scale
· Natural pH Indicators
· Digital vacuum gauge
· Build your own high-quality still (PDF)
· Do it yourself buchner funnel (PDF)
· Tips for Safe Parr Hydrogenator Use (PDF)
· A Simple and Easy Quick-Connect System for Condenser Hoses
· How to set up distillation equipment and much more (in German)
· Handling of air- and moisture-sensitive reagents (Aldrich Bulletin)
· Ground Glassware - Sizes and standards (PDF)
· Efficient Kugelrohr Distillation Cooling (PDF)
· Cheaply made Glove Box
· Very detailed distillation setup instructions
· Construction and Selection of Fume Hood Designs (PDF)
· Construction of a Liebig condenser from copper tubing
· How to perform a vacuum filtration
· How to perform extractions and washes with a separatory funnel
· Destruction and neutralization of hazardous lab waste
· Magnetic Stirrer Plans
· How thick is your Aluminum Foil?
· Construction and operation of a catalytic hydrogenation bomb
· Recrystallization Technique
· Basic Lab Skills - Crystallization, Distillation, Extraction, TLC, melting point
· Designing a Chemistry Laboratory (DjVu)
· Constructing a good fume hood (DjVu)
· Scientific Glassblowing, Part 1 (DjVu)
· Scientific Glassblowing, Part 2 (DjVu)
· Description of Equipment and Basic Lab Setups
· The Glassware Gallery - Drawings and Descriptions of Lab Equipment
· Needle Gauge sizes
· Simple Glass to Fancy Glass
· Construction of an Inline Gas Dryer (moisture protection tube)
· Cheap and efficient hydrogenation apparatus
· The Visual Organic Chemistry Laboratory - Lab technique explained in detail with pictures
· Ultra-micro boiling point determination
· Extraction Theory
· Beginners Guide to Soxhlet Extraction (PDF)
· Comprehensive Vacuum Pump FAQ with sections about Vacuum Gauges and Tubing
· Heat sources and heating bath fluids
· Titrating of Organometallic Reagents (such as RLi and t-BuOK)
· Excellent Illustrated Tutorial on Simple & Vacuum Distillations, vacuum bp calculation etc.
· Wine Corks as Stands for Round-Bottomed Flasks
· Recrystallization and Acid/Base Extraction - The Basics
· Condenser Ice-Cooling Setup
· Rotary Evaporators - Theory & Practice
· Parr Hydrogenation Apparatus Manual
· Hydrogen Chloride Gas Generators Associated with Clandestine Drug Labs
· Efficient and Inexpensive Apparatus for Hot Filtration
· Inexpensive Microscale Magnetic Stirrer
· Pump-less Condenser Cooling Water Circulator
· Small Scale Reactor for Ultraviolet Photochemistry
· New Glassware for Small-Scale Distillation
· Microscale Vacuum Distillation Apparatus for Simple Separations
· Design for a Miniature Portable Fume Hood
· Construction of a Compact Steam Distillation Apparatus
· Thin-Layer Chromatography (TLC) tutorial from Zubrick (DjVu)
· Making TLC Plates from Bulk TLC Silica Gels
· How to Cut TLC Plastic and Aluminum Sheets correctly?
· TLC Tutorial Movie (Quicktime)
· How to perform flash chromatography
· First journal article describing flash chromatography
· Amateur Chromatography and Electrophoresis
· Flash Pad Chromatography - Simple Alternative to Columns
· Dry Column Vacuum Chromatography
· Dry-Column Flash Chromatography
· 'Dry Flash' Column Chromatography
· TLC Mesh Column Chromatography
· Dry-Column Chromatography (High-capacity TLC Derivative Method)
· Detection (Visualization) of TLC Zones
· Manual Microscale Column Chromatography Pressurization Apparatus
· Quantitative & Qualitative TLC Analysis: Digital Image Processing With any Digital Camera (PDF)
· Column Chromatography Tutorial (Microscale)
· Safe and Efficient Flash Chromatography Equipment for the Small Lab
· Making TLC Plates from Bulk TLC Silica Gels
· How to Cut TLC Plastic and Aluminum Sheets correctly?
· TLC Tutorial Movie (Quicktime)
· How to perform flash chromatography
· First journal article describing flash chromatography
· Amateur Chromatography and Electrophoresis
· Flash Pad Chromatography - Simple Alternative to Columns
· Dry Column Vacuum Chromatography
· Dry-Column Flash Chromatography
· 'Dry Flash' Column Chromatography
· TLC Mesh Column Chromatography
· Dry-Column Chromatography (High-capacity TLC Derivative Method)
· Detection (Visualization) of TLC Zones
· Manual Microscale Column Chromatography Pressurization Apparatus
· Quantitative & Qualitative TLC Analysis: Digital Image Processing With any Digital Camera (PDF)
· Column Chromatography Tutorial (Microscale)
· Safe and Efficient Flash Chromatography Equipment for the Small Lab
· Instructions on how to use drying agents
· Drying Agent Selection Guide
· Drying Agent Data
· Some Common Drying Agents
· Drying of Solvents and Laboratory Chemicals
· Drying solvents with Sodium/Benzophenone
· Miscibility of Common Solvents
· Solvent Miscibility and Polarity
· Solvent recovery of Tetrahydrofuran (PDF)
· Distillation and drying of solvents
· Purification of laboratory solvents
· Azeotrope database
· Physical properties of solvents and other liquids
· NMR Solvents
· Technical Information & Safe Handling Guide for Methanol
· Drying Agent Selection Guide
· Drying Agent Data
· Some Common Drying Agents
· Drying of Solvents and Laboratory Chemicals
· Drying solvents with Sodium/Benzophenone
· Miscibility of Common Solvents
· Solvent Miscibility and Polarity
· Solvent recovery of Tetrahydrofuran (PDF)
· Distillation and drying of solvents
· Purification of laboratory solvents
· Azeotrope database
· Physical properties of solvents and other liquids
· NMR Solvents
· Technical Information & Safe Handling Guide for Methanol
· Calculate the boiling point of liquids under vacuum
· Convert between Fahrenheit and Celsius degrees
· Convert vacuum, pressure, volume and length units
· Convert between different pressure units
· Chemputer - Calculate reaction yields
· HTML Periodic Chart
· Types and properties of hydrofluorocarbons/HFCs and freons/CFCs (PDF)
· Celsius/Fahrenheit Concersion Chart (PDF)
· Common Concentrations of Acids and Bases (weight%, molarity, density)
· Comprehensive pKa table of organic compounds
· Comprehensive pKa table of organic compounds in DMSO (PDF)
· A collection of liquid reagents along with their molarities
· Scientific calculator for chemists with notebook
· Chemical calculator
· Chemical resistance tables for a wide range of materials (PDF)
· Useful Tables for Lab Use - Properties, Units, Solutions, Safety & a Periodic System (PDF)
· Molarity of Concentrated Reagents, Acids & Bases
· Convert between Fahrenheit and Celsius degrees
· Convert vacuum, pressure, volume and length units
· Convert between different pressure units
· Chemputer - Calculate reaction yields
· HTML Periodic Chart
· Types and properties of hydrofluorocarbons/HFCs and freons/CFCs (PDF)
· Celsius/Fahrenheit Concersion Chart (PDF)
· Common Concentrations of Acids and Bases (weight%, molarity, density)
· Comprehensive pKa table of organic compounds
· Comprehensive pKa table of organic compounds in DMSO (PDF)
· A collection of liquid reagents along with their molarities
· Scientific calculator for chemists with notebook
· Chemical calculator
· Chemical resistance tables for a wide range of materials (PDF)
· Useful Tables for Lab Use - Properties, Units, Solutions, Safety & a Periodic System (PDF)
· Molarity of Concentrated Reagents, Acids & Bases
Multimedia
· Clandestine Chemistry Photo Album
· From Safrole to MDA
· Reductive amination of MDP2P with Al/Hg and Nitromethane
· Bucket Reductive Amination via MethylMan Al/Hg Nitromethane
· Red P/Iodine Reduction of Pseudoephedrine to Methamphetamine
· PCP Synthesis via Enamine Intermediate
· Methylamine from Ammonium Chloride and Formaldehyde
· Illustrated Synthesis of 3,4,5-Trimethoxy-beta-nitrostyrene and 3,4,5-Trimethoxyphenyl-2-nitroethane
· Distillation apparatus setup (Quicktime)
· Vacuum distillation procedure (Windows Media File)
· Organic Laboratory Instructional Video Clips
· The best tribute to The Hive that has ever been seen
· From Safrole to MDA
· Reductive amination of MDP2P with Al/Hg and Nitromethane
· Bucket Reductive Amination via MethylMan Al/Hg Nitromethane
· Red P/Iodine Reduction of Pseudoephedrine to Methamphetamine
· PCP Synthesis via Enamine Intermediate
· Methylamine from Ammonium Chloride and Formaldehyde
· Illustrated Synthesis of 3,4,5-Trimethoxy-beta-nitrostyrene and 3,4,5-Trimethoxyphenyl-2-nitroethane
· Distillation apparatus setup (Quicktime)
· Vacuum distillation procedure (Windows Media File)
· Organic Laboratory Instructional Video Clips
· The best tribute to The Hive that has ever been seen
Miscellaneous
· OTC Solvents FAQ 1.0
· Extraction FAQ
· An introduction to catalytic transfer hydrogenation
· PTC Oxidation of Alcohols Using Hydrogen Peroxide
· PTC Oxidation of Alcohols Using Hypochlorite
· Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohols to Benzaldehydes with NaBr-Oxone
· Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohols to Benzaldehydes with DMSO
· General procedure for Collins reagent oxidations
· Psychotomimetic Chemical Weapons
· Technical information on hard gelatin capsules
· Gelatin capsule size chart (PDF)
· General Alkaloid Extraction Doc
· Grignard Reaction Notes
· Grignard Reactions in "Wet" Ether
· Aldehydes from grignard reagents and formic acid salts
· Aldehydes from grignard reagents using 2-(N-Methyl,N-Formylamino)pyridine
· Reduction of Acid Chlorides to Aldehydes using Sodium Borohydride & Pyridine
· Wizard X's Homepage
· The Complete Organic Synthesis online (with structure search engine)
· The Collected Rantings of the alt.drugs.chemistry Legend POPeye
· The Collected Rantings of the alt.drugs.chemistry Legend Eleusis/Zwitterion
· m-Chloroperbenzoic acid (mCPBA) Reaction Handbook (PDF)
· m-Chloroperbenzoic acid (mCPBA) Technical Bulletin (PDF)
· Color test drug identification reference (PDF)
· Comprenhensive organic reduction overview
· Essential Oils in Hundreds of Plants, all Containing Phenylpropene Derivatives
· E-Book: Vogel's Practical Organic Chemistry, 3rd Ed. (DjVu)
· Nickel-on-Charcoal - A dirt cheap Pd/C alternative? (PDF)
· Nickel-on-Charcoal - Improved preparation (PDF)
· A Whirlwind Tour of Current Mitsunobu Chemistry (PDF)
· Aryl Halides to Thiophenols using Thiourea
· Organic Structure Determination Bibliography
· The Watcher's Chemistry Works (Snapshot Jan 2003)
· CTH Removal of N-Benzyl groups
· CTH Removal of N-Benzyl groups
· Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution - Activation, Deactivation and Regioselectivity
· E-Book: 'Hydrogenation Methods' by Paul. N. Rylander (DjVu)
· Synthesis of Methanesulfonate Esters (Mesylates) From Alcohols
· The Biochemistry of Drugs and Poisons (PDF)
· The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) Research Monographs
· 1-Methyl-4-Phenyl-1,2,3,6-Tetrahydropyridine (MPTP): One Designer Drug and Serendipity
· Two-Carbon Homologation of Grignard Reagents to Primary Amines
· One-Pot Synthesis of Carbamates: Alkylation of Amines with R-O-Ts/PTC/K2CO3/CO2
· Rapid Reduction of Carbonyl Group to Methylene with PMHS-B(C6F5)3
· Cyanuric Chloride: Converting Carboxylic Acids into Chlorides/Esters/Amides
· Extraction FAQ
· An introduction to catalytic transfer hydrogenation
· PTC Oxidation of Alcohols Using Hydrogen Peroxide
· PTC Oxidation of Alcohols Using Hypochlorite
· Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohols to Benzaldehydes with NaBr-Oxone
· Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohols to Benzaldehydes with DMSO
· General procedure for Collins reagent oxidations
· Psychotomimetic Chemical Weapons
· Technical information on hard gelatin capsules
· Gelatin capsule size chart (PDF)
· General Alkaloid Extraction Doc
· Grignard Reaction Notes
· Grignard Reactions in "Wet" Ether
· Aldehydes from grignard reagents and formic acid salts
· Aldehydes from grignard reagents using 2-(N-Methyl,N-Formylamino)pyridine
· Reduction of Acid Chlorides to Aldehydes using Sodium Borohydride & Pyridine
· Wizard X's Homepage
· The Complete Organic Synthesis online (with structure search engine)
· The Collected Rantings of the alt.drugs.chemistry Legend POPeye
· The Collected Rantings of the alt.drugs.chemistry Legend Eleusis/Zwitterion
· m-Chloroperbenzoic acid (mCPBA) Reaction Handbook (PDF)
· m-Chloroperbenzoic acid (mCPBA) Technical Bulletin (PDF)
· Color test drug identification reference (PDF)
· Comprenhensive organic reduction overview
· Essential Oils in Hundreds of Plants, all Containing Phenylpropene Derivatives
· E-Book: Vogel's Practical Organic Chemistry, 3rd Ed. (DjVu)
· Nickel-on-Charcoal - A dirt cheap Pd/C alternative? (PDF)
· Nickel-on-Charcoal - Improved preparation (PDF)
· A Whirlwind Tour of Current Mitsunobu Chemistry (PDF)
· Aryl Halides to Thiophenols using Thiourea
· Organic Structure Determination Bibliography
· The Watcher's Chemistry Works (Snapshot Jan 2003)
· CTH Removal of N-Benzyl groups
· CTH Removal of N-Benzyl groups
· Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution - Activation, Deactivation and Regioselectivity
· E-Book: 'Hydrogenation Methods' by Paul. N. Rylander (DjVu)
· Synthesis of Methanesulfonate Esters (Mesylates) From Alcohols
· The Biochemistry of Drugs and Poisons (PDF)
· The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) Research Monographs
· 1-Methyl-4-Phenyl-1,2,3,6-Tetrahydropyridine (MPTP): One Designer Drug and Serendipity
· Two-Carbon Homologation of Grignard Reagents to Primary Amines
· One-Pot Synthesis of Carbamates: Alkylation of Amines with R-O-Ts/PTC/K2CO3/CO2
· Rapid Reduction of Carbonyl Group to Methylene with PMHS-B(C6F5)3
· Cyanuric Chloride: Converting Carboxylic Acids into Chlorides/Esters/Amides
· Lilienthal's Pharmacological and Chemical References
· Large collection of phenethylamine and tryptamine synth refs
· Phenethylamine synthesis patents
· Reduction of Nitrostyrenes to Phenethylamines - Comprehensive Literature Search
· Synthesis of Nitrostyrenes by Condensation of Benzaldehydes with Nitroalkanes
· Neurotransmitter.Net - Great Abstracted Neuropharmacology Archive
· The collected works of hallucinogen researcher Richard A Glennon
· Organic Structure Determination Bibliography
· The Albert Hofmann Collection: LSD & Psilocybin References
· MDMA: A Review of the English-Language Scientific and Medical Literature
· Detection and Analysis of Drugs of Forensic Interest, Literature Review 1992-2001
· Literature Review: Forensic Analysis of GHB, GBL and 1,4-BD
· Large collection of phenethylamine and tryptamine synth refs
· Phenethylamine synthesis patents
· Reduction of Nitrostyrenes to Phenethylamines - Comprehensive Literature Search
· Synthesis of Nitrostyrenes by Condensation of Benzaldehydes with Nitroalkanes
· Neurotransmitter.Net - Great Abstracted Neuropharmacology Archive
· The collected works of hallucinogen researcher Richard A Glennon
· Organic Structure Determination Bibliography
· The Albert Hofmann Collection: LSD & Psilocybin References
· MDMA: A Review of the English-Language Scientific and Medical Literature
· Detection and Analysis of Drugs of Forensic Interest, Literature Review 1992-2001
· Literature Review: Forensic Analysis of GHB, GBL and 1,4-BD
· Microwave Chemistry tips
· Microwave Chemistry FAQ
· Dariusz Bogdall's Microwave Syntheses
· Miscellaneous information on clays
· MW-chem: Preparation of alkyl azides from alkyl bromides
· MW-chem: Reductive amination with NaBH4
· MW-chem: Reduction of carbonyl compounds with NaBH4
· MW-chem: Nitroalkene preparation from benzaldehydes (PDF)
· MW-chem: Benzaldehydes from alcohols using MnO2/Silica (PDF)
· MW-chem: Preparation of beta-nitrostyrenes from styrenes
· MW-chem: An introductory overview from New Scientist by Gavin Whittaker
· MW-Chem: Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenation
· MW-Chem: Ethers from alcohols and alkyl halides
· MW-chem: Theoretical and mechanistical background (PDF)
· MW-chem: Organic Chemistry Review (PDF)
· MW-chem: Wolff-Kishner reduction of ketones to hydrocarbons (PDF)
· MW-chem: Oxidation of Alcohols to Ketones
· MW-chem: High-yielding Azidation of Primary and Secondary Tosylates
· MW-chem: Solvent-Free Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution of Inactive Aryl Halides
· Microwave Chemistry FAQ
· Dariusz Bogdall's Microwave Syntheses
· Miscellaneous information on clays
· MW-chem: Preparation of alkyl azides from alkyl bromides
· MW-chem: Reductive amination with NaBH4
· MW-chem: Reduction of carbonyl compounds with NaBH4
· MW-chem: Nitroalkene preparation from benzaldehydes (PDF)
· MW-chem: Benzaldehydes from alcohols using MnO2/Silica (PDF)
· MW-chem: Preparation of beta-nitrostyrenes from styrenes
· MW-chem: An introductory overview from New Scientist by Gavin Whittaker
· MW-Chem: Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenation
· MW-Chem: Ethers from alcohols and alkyl halides
· MW-chem: Theoretical and mechanistical background (PDF)
· MW-chem: Organic Chemistry Review (PDF)
· MW-chem: Wolff-Kishner reduction of ketones to hydrocarbons (PDF)
· MW-chem: Oxidation of Alcohols to Ketones
· MW-chem: High-yielding Azidation of Primary and Secondary Tosylates
· MW-chem: Solvent-Free Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution of Inactive Aryl Halides
